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Institute
The majority of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in team sports are non-contact injuries, with cutting maneuvers identified as high-risk tasks. Young female handball players have been shown to be at greater risk for ACL injuries than males. One risk factor for ACL injuries is the magnitude of the knee abduction moment (KAM). Cutting technique variables on foot placement, overall approach and knee kinematics have been shown to influence the KAM. Since injury risk is believed to increase with increasing task complexity, the purpose of the study was to test the effect of task complexity on technique variables that influence the KAM in female handball players during fake-and-cut tasks.
This study investigated if knee joint moments are related to the foot strike angle in preplanned and unplanned handball-specific sidestep cuts performed by n = 51 female handball players. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) with the foot strike angle as predictor variable was performed on the knee joint moment vector field (Mxyz). Subsequently, post-hoc tests using CCA for moment couples and linear regression for individual moment components were performed. In both conditions, the foot strike angle was related to Mxyz. However, the relationship remains partially unexplained when the three-dimensionality of the moment vector remains unaccounted for, especially in the unplanned cut. Given the time periods in which correlations exist, the foot strike angle shows potential to reduce multi-plane knee loading associated with ACL injury.
In this study, the impact of footwear bending stiffness on ankle and foot biomechanics during indoor fake-and-cut manoeuvres was investigated. Footwear, along with torsional and bending stiffness, are hypothesized to influence the risk of ankle sprain injury. In this study, a mobile, pneumatically driven cantilever rig was used to quantify these footwear characteristics. Following this, participants executed fake-and-cut movements wearing their habitual footwear, while motion capture and force plate data were recorded. Utilizing machine learning clustering algorithms, participants were grouped based on their footwear stiffness. Subsequent SPM analysis revealed lower forefoot dorsiflexion and increased forefoot inversion in the stiff group. These findings underscore the need for further research on the interaction between shoe properties and injury risk indicators.
The purpose of this study was to assess if there is a difference in the thigh muscle activation patterns between a preplanned and unplanned sidestep cut performed by n = 31 experienced female handball players. Electromyogram vector fields containing the muscle activity of the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris from 100 ms before ground contact until toe-off were created and compared using Statistical Parametric Mapping. Results show lower activity in the unplanned cut. When comparing individual muscles, vastus medialis was the only muscle showing differences between tasks, with the unplanned task eliciting lower activity right before initial ground contact. The findings of this study indicate that the knee joint might be more vulnerable to external knee joint moments in unplanned cutting tasks due to lower muscle pre-activity.
Appraising the Methodological Quality of Sports Injury Video Analysis Studies: The QA-SIVAS Scale
(2023)
Background
Video analysis (VA) is commonly used in the assessment of sports injuries and has received considerable research interest. Until now, no tool has been available for the assessment of study quality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a valid instrument that reliably assesses the methodological quality of VA studies.
Methods
The Quality Appraisal for Sports Injury Video Analysis Studies (QA-SIVAS) scale was developed using a modified Delphi approach including expert consensus and pilot testing. Reliability was examined through intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC3,1) and free-marginal kappa statistics by three independent raters. Construct validity was investigated by comparing QA-SIVAS with expert ratings by using Kendall’s tau analysis. Rating time was studied by applying the scale to 21 studies and computing the mean time for rating per study article.
Results
The QA-SIVAS scale consists of an 18-item checklist addressing the study design, data source, conduct, report, and discussion of VA studies in sports injury research. Inter- and intra-rater reliability were excellent with ICCs > 0.97. Expert ratings revealed a high construct validity (0.71; p < 0.001). Mean rating time was 10 ± 2 min per article.
Conclusion
QA-SIVAS is a reliable and valid instrument that can be easily applied to sports injury research. Future studies in the field of VA should adhere to standardized methodological criteria and strict quality guidelines.