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Heat pumps play a central role in decarbonizing the heat supply of buildings. However, in this article, implementing heat pumps in existing buildings, a significant challenge is still presented due to high temperature requirements. In this article, a systematic analysis of the effects of heat source temperatures, maximum heat pump condenser temperatures, and system temperatures on the seasonal performance of heat pump (HP) systems is presented. The quantitative performance analysis encompasses over 50 heat pumps installed in residential buildings, revealing correlations between the building characteristics, observed temperatures, and heat pump type. The performance of an HP system retrofitted to a 30-dwelling multifamily building is presented in more detail. The bivalent HP system combines air and ground as heat sources and achieves a seasonal performance factor of 3.25 with a share of the gas boiler of 27% in its first year of operation. In these findings, the technical feasibility of retrofitting heat pumps is demonstrated in existing buildings and insights are provided into overcoming the challenges associated with high temperature requirements.
Der prozentuale Energieaufwand für die Warmwasserbereitung ist umso höher, je geringer der Bedarf an Raumwärme – erreicht durch besser gedämmte Gebäudehüllen – ist. Gleichzeitig kann dieser Aufwand für Warmwasser aufgrund der normativ geforderten Systemtemperaturen von 60/55 °C bei zentraler Warmwasserbereitung über Wärmepumpen nur vergleichsweise energieaufwendig abgedeckt werden. Eine Studie des Fraunhofer ISE zeigt, wie groß dieser Temperatur-Effekt im Vergleich unterschiedlicher Trinkwasser-Erwärmungssysteme ist.