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The primary objective of this thesis is to examine the lean accounting transformation, which involves applying lean management principles to the accounting domain. In recent years, various sectors, including manufacturing, healthcare, and services, have experienced success with lean management practices. Nevertheless, the implementation of lean accounting within financial management has not been as extensively explored. This research aims to bridge that gap by scrutinizing the benefits and potential drawbacks of adopting lean accounting practices in business operations.
This research uses a combination of qualitative techniques and an extensive literature review to better understand the present subject matter. By describing the ideas of lean management and standard accounting and highlighting the fundamental distinctions between the two systems, the literature study lays a theoretical framework. The case studies illustrate the benefits of adopting lean accounting processes with real-world examples of firms that have made the transition effectively.
In the quantitative analysis of lean accounting's impact, both financial and operational factors are examined extensively. The results indicate that companies embracing lean accounting practices experience significant improvements in productivity, cost reduction, and decisionmaking quality. By highlighting the potential gains to be made by incorporating lean techniques into accounting procedures, this study adds to the current body of information on lean management. The findings offer practical implications for accounting professionals, business leaders, and policymakers interested in leveraging lean accounting to drive organizational performance improvement. The thesis finishes with suggestions for further study in this area, lean accounting.
Für die flächendeckende Einführung von IP-basierter Infrastruktur benötigt der WDR Werkzeuge zur Bewertung von Qualitätskriterien komplexer Mediennetzwerke. Zu diesem Zweck wurde die Web-Applikation "Netztest" entwickelt.
Die Applikation besitzt eine intuitive Benutzeroberfläche und ermöglicht eine Bedienung ohne Netzwerk-technisches Hintergrundwissen. Sie greift über die Programmierschnittstelle auf die Messfunktionen der Software "Fusion" von VIAVI Solutions zu. "Fusion" bietet umfassende Konfigurationsmöglichkeiten und ist für ein Nutzende ohne technisches Hintergrundwissen schwer einsetzbar. Die Applikation "Netztest" vereinfacht die Schnittstelle zum Nutzenden und begrenzt die Funktionsvielfalt auf für den Anwendungsfall passende Testkonfigurationen.
Zu Beginn dieser Arbeit werden mit Hilfe einer Anforderungsanalyse Optimierungsmöglichkeiten der Applikation aufgezeigt. Anschließend wird die Implementierung eines UDP-basierten Teststandards vorgenommen, da "Netztest" bisher nur einen TCP-basierten Test bot. Das verbindungslose Transportprotokoll UDP eignet sich insbesondere für die Übertragung von Audio- und Videodaten. Für den WDR als Produktionsunternehmen solcher Medien ist ein Durchsatztest, der auf UDP basiert daher unabdingbar.
Der Code der Anwendung wird so angepasst, dass beide Tests weitestgehend dieselben Funktionen verwenden und in Zukunft problemlos weitere Tests implementiert werden könnten. Nach dem Durchlaufen eines Tests werden die Ergebnisdaten graphisch dargestellt. Das Piktogramm einer Ampel zeigt dem oder der Nutzenden an, ob die gemessene Verbindung einsatzbereit, ausreichend oder nicht ausreichend ist.
Die Implementierung des Y.1564-Tests und damit das Ziel dieser Arbeit konnte erreicht werden, doch es gibt noch Schwachstellen und Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten, die vor einer Inbetriebnahme der Anwendung "Netztest" beseitigt werden müssten.
Risk-based Cybermaturity Assessment Model - Protecting the company against ransomware attacks
(2023)
Ransomware has become one of the most catastrophic attacks in the previous decade, hurting businesses of all sorts worldwide. So, no organization is safe, and most companies are reviewing their ransomware defensive solutions to avoid business and operational hazards. IT departments are using cybersecurity maturity assessment frameworks like CMMC, C2M2, CMMI, NIST, CIS, CPP, and others to analyze organization security capabilities. In addition to maturity assessment models for the process layer and human pillar, there are much research on the analysis, identification, and defense of cyber threats in product/software layers that propose state-of-the-art approaches.
This motivates a comprehensive ransomware cyber security solution. Then, a crucial question arises: “How companies can measure the security maturity of controls in a specific danger for example for Ransomware attack?” Several studies and frameworks addressed this subject.
Complexity of understanding the ransomware attack, Lack of comprehensive ransomware defense solutions and Lack of cybermaturity assessment model for ransomware defense solutions are different aspects of problem statement in this study. By considering the most important limitations to developing a ransomware defense cybermaturity assessment method, this study developed a cybermaturity assessment methodology and implemented a Toolkit to conduct cyber security self-assessment specifically for ransomware attack to provide a clearer vision for enterprises to analyze the security maturity of controls regardless of industry or size.
Unterschiedliche Stimulationszeitpunkte bei bimodaler Versorgung mit Hörgerät und Cochleaimplantat
(2023)
Die bimodale Versorgung von Patienten mit Hörgerät (HG) ipsilateral und Cochleaimplantat (CI) kontralateral bei asymmetrischem Hörverlust ist aufgrund vieler inhärenter Variablen die komplizierteste Versorgungsart im Kontext der Versorgung mit CI. Im vorliegenden Übersichtsartikel werden alle systematischen interauralen Unterschiede zwischen elektrischer und akustischer Stimulation dargestellt, die bei dieser Versorgungsart auftreten können. Darüber hinaus werden Methoden zur Quantifizierung des interauralen Latenzoffsets, also des Zeitunterschieds zwischen der akustischen und elektrischen Stimulation des Hörnervs, mittels Registrierung auditorisch evozierter Potenziale – erzeugt durch akustische bzw. elektrische Stimulation – und Messungen an den Sprachprozessoren und Hörgeräten vorgestellt. Die technische Kompensation des interauralen Latenzoffsets und ihre positive Auswirkung auf die Schalllokalisationsfähigkeit bimodal mit CI und HG versorgter Patienten wird ebenfalls beschrieben. Zuletzt werden neueste Erkenntnisse diskutiert, die Gründe dafür aufzeigen, warum die Kompensation des interauralen Latenzoffsets das Sprachverstehen im Störgeräusch bei bimodal versorgten CI-/HG-Trägern nicht verbessert.
Proteine spielen eine entscheidende Rolle im Stoffwechsel aller Lebewesen. Für die Lebensmittelindustrie sind die Grundbausteine der Proteine, besonders interessant, da sie den Geschmack von Lebensmitteln stark beeinflussen können, oder sich in Form von Supplementen als Nahrungsergänzungsmittel für Sportler eignen. Zur Gewinnung dieser Aminosäuren werden unteranderem Aminopeptidasen verwendet. In dieser Arbeit wurden fünf fungale Aminopeptidasen Pep 1 aus Aspergillus turcosus, Pep 4 aus Aspergillus thermomutatus, Pep 6 aus Coccidioides posadasii C735 delta SOWgp, Pep 7 aus Trichophyton interdigitale H6 und Pep 8 aus Onygena corvina in Pichia pastoris rekombinant exprimiert, mittels Ultrafiltration aufkonzentriert und biochemisch charakterisiert. Die Aminopeptidasen aus Aspergillus turcosus (Pep 1), Aspergillus thermomutatus (Pep 4) und Trichophyton interdigitale H6 (Pep 7) hatten ihr pH-Optimum bei pH 9, während die Aminopeptidasen aus Coccidioides posadasii C735 delta SOWgp (Pep 6) und Onygena corvina (Pep 8) bei pH 8,5 die höchste Aktivität aufwiesen. Die Temperaturoptima lagen bei 60 °C (Pep 1 und Pep 6) und 50 °C (Pep 4, Pep 7 und Pep 8) und alle waren zwischen 45 und 55 °C für 15 Minuten temperaturstabil. Die Aminopeptidasen hatten nach der Deglykosilierung ein Molekulargewicht von 57 (Pep 1), 52 (Pep 4 und Pep 7), 54 (Pep 6) und 53 kDA (Pep 8). Mit Leu-pNA als Substrat zeigten die fungalen Aminopeptidasen maximale spezifische Umsatzgeschwindigkeiten von 357 (Pep 1), 238 (Pep 4), 2000 (Pep 6), 56 (Pep 7) und 476 nkat/g (Pep 8). Pep 1 wurde am stärksten positiv von Bivalenten Ionen wie Mg2+, Co2+, Mn2+ und Ca2+ beeinflusst, in Gegenwart von 0,1 mM Mg2+ konnte eine relative Enzymaktivität von 345 % im Vergleich zum Referenzwert gemessen werden. Bei den anderen Aminopeptidasen konnten inhibitorische Effekte festgestellt werden. Bie allen fungalen Aminopeptidasen bei der Hydrolyse von vorhydrolysiertem Gluten die Freisetzung von Aminogruppen festgestellt werden, somit eignen sich die Aminopeptidasen in Kombination mit Endopeptidasen zur Hydrolyse von Proteingemischen. Bei der Hydrolyse konnte zudem die Freisetzung von Glutamin durch das L-Glutamine/Ammonia Assay Kit (Rapid) von Megazyme nachgewiesen werden.
Learning programming fundamentals is considered as one of the most challenging and complex learning activities. Some authors have proposed visual programming language (VPL) approaches to address part of the inherent complexity [1]. A visual programming language lets users develop programs by combining program elements, like loops graphically rather than by specifying them textually. Visual expressions, spatial arrangements of text and graphic symbols are used either as syntax elements or secondary notation. VPLs are normally used for educational multimedia, video games, system development, and data warehousing/business analytics purposes. For example, Scratch, a platform of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is designed for kids and after school programs.
Design of mobile software applications is considered as one of the most challenging application domains due to the build in sensors as part of a mobile device, like GPS, camera or Near Field Communication (NFC). Sensors enable creation of context-aware mobile applications in which applications can discover and take advantage of contextual information, such as user location, nearby people and objects, and the current user activity. As a consequence, context-aware mobile applications can sense clues about the situational environment making mobile devices more intelligent, adaptive, and personalized. Such context aware mobile applications seem to be motivating and attractive case studies, especially for programming beginners (“my own first app”).
In this work, we introduce a use-case centered approach as well as clear separation of user interface design and sensor-based program development. We provide an in-depth discussion of a new VPL based teaching method, a step by step development process to enable programming beginners the creation of context aware mobile applications. Finally, we argue that addressing challenges for programming beginners by our teaching approach could make programming teaching more motivating, with an additional impact on the final software quality and scalability.
The key contributions of our study are the following:
- An overview of existing attempts to use VPL approaches for mobile applications
- A use case centered teaching approach based on a clear separation of user interface design and sensor-based program development
- A teaching case study enabling beginners a step by step creation of context-aware mobile applications based on the MIT App Inventor (a platform of Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
- Open research challenges and perspectives for further development of our teaching approach
References:
[1] Idrees, M., Aslam, F. (2022). A Comprehensive Survey and Analysis of Diverse Visual Programming Languages, VFAST Transactions on Software Engineering, 2022, Volume 10, Number 2, pp 47-60.
Visual programming languages (VPL) let users develop software programs by combining visual program elements, like lists of objects, loops or conditional statements rather than by specifying them textually.
Humanoid robots programming is a very attractive and motivating application domain for students, especially for programming beginners. Humanoid robots are constructed in such a way that they mimic the human body by using actuators that perform like muscles. Typically, a humanoid robot consists of sensors and actuators, i.e. torso, a head, two arms, and two legs, though some humanoid robots may replicate only part of the body, for example, from the waist up. In some cases, humanoid robots are equipped with heads designed to replicate additional human facial features such as eyes. Additional sensors are needed by a robot to gather information about the conditions of the environment to allow the robot to make necessary decisions about its position or certain actions that the situation requires, e.g. an arm movement or an open/close hand action. Other examples for sensor are reflective infrared sensors used to detect objects in proximity.
In this work, we introduce a use-case centered approach based on sensors and actors of a robot and a workflow model to visually describe the sequence of actions including conditional actions or concurrent actions. We provide an in-depth discussion of a new VPL based teaching method for programming humanoid robots based on VPLs. Open research challenges, limits and perspectives for further development of our teaching approach are discussed as well.
The main advantage of mobile context-aware applications is to provide effective and tailored services by considering the environmental context, such as location, time, nearby objects and other data, and adapting their functionality according to the changing situations in the context information without explicit user interaction. The idea behind Location-Based Services (LBS) and Object-Based Services (OBS) is to offer fully-customizable services for user needs according to the location or the objects in a mobile user's vicinity. However, developing mobile context-aware software applications is considered as one of the most challenging application domains due to the built-in sensors as part of a mobile device. Visual Programming Languages (VPL) and hybrid visual programming languages are considered to be innovative approaches to address the inherent complexity of developing programs. The key contribution of our new development approach for location and object-based mobile applications is a use case driven development approach based on use case templates and visual code templates to enable even programming beginners to create context-aware mobile applications. An example of the use of the development approach is presented and open research challenges and perspectives for further development of our approach are formulated.