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The design of control systems in large-scale CPV power plants will be more challenging in the future. Reasons are the increasing size of power plants, the requirements of grid operators, new functions, and new technological trends in industrial automation or communication technology. Concepts and products from fixed-mounted PV can only partly be adopted since control systems for sun-tracking installations are considerable more complex due to the higher quantity of controllable entities. The objective of this paper is to deliver design considerations for next generation control systems. Therefore, the work identifies new applications of future control systems categorized into operation, monitoring and maintenance domains. The key-requirements of the technical system and the application layer are identified. In the resulting section, new strategies such as a more decentralized architecture are proposed and design criteria are derived. The contribution of this paper should allow manufacturers and research institutes to consider the design criteria in current development and to place further research on new functions and control strategies precisely.
Objective: This paper deals with the design and the optimization of mechatronic devices.
Introduction: Comparing with existing works, the design approach presented in this paper aims to integrate optimization in the design phase of complex mechatronic systems in order to increase the efficiency of this method.
Methods: To solve this problem, a novel mechatronic system design approach has been developed in order to take the multidisciplinary aspect and to consider optimization as a tool that can be used within the embodiment design process to build mechatronic solutions from a set of solution concepts designed with innovative or routine design methods.
Conclusions: This approach has then been applied to the design and optimization of a wind turbine system that can be implemented to autonomously supply a mountain cottage.
Geothermal Energy in Germany
(2009)
During pyrolysis, biomass is carbonised in the absence of oxygen to produce biochar with heat and/or electricity as co-products making pyrolysis one of the promising negative emission technologies to reach climate goals worldwide. This paper presents a simplified representation of pyrolysis and analyses the impact of this technology on the energy system. Results show that the use of pyrolysis can allow getting zero emissions with lower costs by making changes in the unit commitment of the power plants, e.g. conventional power plants are used differently, as the emissions will be compensated by biochar. Additionally, the process of pyrolysis can enhance the flexibility of energy systems, as it shows a correlation between the electricity generated by pyrolysis and the hydrogen installation capacity, being hydrogen used less when pyrolysis appears. The results indicate that pyrolysis, which is available on the market, integrates well into the energy system with a promising potential to sequester carbon.
The energy supply of Offenburg University of Applied Sciences (HS OG) was changed from separate generation to trigeneration in 2007/2008. Trigeneration was installed for supplying heat, cooling and electrical power at HS OG. In this paper, trigeneration process and its modes of operation along with the layout of the energy facility at HS OG were described. Special emphasis was given to the operation schemes and control strategies of the operation modes: winter mode, transition mode and summer mode. The components used in the energy facility were also outlined. Monitoring and data analysis of the energy system was carried out after the commissioning of trigeneration in the period from 2008 to 2011. Thus, valuable performance data was obtained.