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Quo Vadis, Global Trade?
(2019)
This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book provides a comprehensive resource for the study of global policy and governance, as well as economics and financing of international trade. It first deals with a general overview and in‐depth discussion of new realities, trends and further challenges for trade in the 21st century. The book then focuses on global governance and international institutions, focusing on the future for multilateral trade agreements and the activities of international financial institutions, as well as banking regulation and illicit flows. It also shows how global trade and regional development are linked up, for example by looking at the next wave of regional integration as well as what to expect from a protective US trade policy, The book further explores how to finance international trade.
Open markets, international trade and foreign direct investments are a source of prosperity in challenging times. This Special Section looks at developed economies and emerging markets, also taking into account the role of trade for impactful capacity-building in least developed countries (LDCs). Specific emphasis is placed on financing economic development and trade, analysing what roles trade and development finance should play in the quest for an efficient mobilisation of private capital for growth, trade and development.
Comparing anomalies and exceptions to multilateral dysfunction across a number of spheres of world politics, the book chapter explores pathways through and beyond gridlock in trade. It provides a vital new perspective on world politics as well as a practical guide for positive change in global policy.
Quo Vadis Freihandel?
(2017)
Innovative financing schemes in public management comprise provisions of funds for public expenditure by taxation, user charges, borrowing or other fundraising in a novel way. Scholarly research regarding public finance already appeared in the 16th century, but the role of public funding schemes became much more important in the last decades. Theoretical frameworks are related to political, economic, legal and administrative aspects. Although innovation and public management might be seen as antithetical, there is an emerging practice of innovative financing tools both in highly-industrialised economies and developing countries. Examples for novel mechanisms raising money are green bonds, onshore local currency financing, public private partnerships (PPPs) and resource-financed infrastructure. Public policy tools include innovation financing for digital infrastructure or export credits for trade-driven innovation, often focusing on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) including climate action.
Entwicklung und globale Diffusion von zukunftsorientierten Technologien sind zentrale Faktoren für den ökonomischen Erfolg von Volkswirtschaften. Die Digitalisierung der Unternehmen spielt inzwischen eine entscheidende Rolle für das Wirtschaftswachstum eines Landes. Wissensintensive Wirtschaftsbereiche wachsen rasant, und internationale Arbeitsteilung über globale Wertschöpfungsketten sowie ausländische Direktinvestitionen prägen den Alltag vieler Firmen.
Export sichert Millionen von Arbeitsplätzen in Deutschland. Auch in anderen Ländern profitieren Menschen von positiven Effekten durch internationale Aktivitäten von Unternehmen. Finanzierung und Risikoabsicherung durch staatliche Exportkreditagenturen spielen dabei eine wesentliche Rolle, wenn der Markt versagt. Dies gilt gerade in Krisenzeiten wie der Covid-19-Pandemie. Regierungen haben mit Coronahilfen für die Exportwirtschaft Außenhandel ermöglicht und dadurch zahlreiche Arbeitsplätze gesichert. Mit einer Vielzahl von Aktivitäten haben unter anderem Dänemark, Deutschland, Polen und Österreich im Jahr 2020 schnell und effizient agiert. Teilweise deutlich erhöhte Finanzmittel, neue Garantieprodukte, verbesserte Finanzierungs- und Versicherungsbedingungen sowie vereinfachte Antragsverfahren waren zentrale Maßnahmen europäischer Regierungen. Gezeigt hat sich, dass auch in der Zukunft eine übergeordnete strategische Ausrichtung, ein gemeinsamer Förderansatz sowie eine wirkungsorientierte Gestaltung von Förderinstitutionen wichtig sind.
To successfully support private sector development in Africa by the use of trade and export promotion instruments, a comprehensive policy framework is crucial. Different institutional setups for development support show different levels of resilience and effectiveness in coping with the economic conditions they are exposed to. However, there is strong evidence that managing the interplay of three fundamental building blocks – public policy, focus areas, strategic objectives and critical success factors as well as institutions, is the key to crafting sustainable and responsive economies. Export plays a significant role in the national economy, and innovative and integrated government financing instruments have to successfully support the competitiveness of national companies in the global economy. Financing and supporting foreign trade with private businesses in Africa occupies a pivotal role, impacting from new product development and job creation in developed countries through economic growth and human development in African countries.
Financing trade and development sustainably will be crucial for Africa. Enhanced collaboration between multilateral development banks, development finance institutions and ECAs could greatly enhance intra-regional trade. Furthermore, setting up a ‘level playing field’ on the continent will allow governments to make strategic interventions for successful export credits and trade finance solutions, fostering growth through trade. African trade is already showing signs of rebounding from the coronavirus- induced recession. Through concerted, co-operative and continent-wide efforts, drawing on the knowledge and resources of all types of institutions and policy experts, Africa will continue to grow confidently and quickly into its increasingly important role as an engine of economic growth and global trade.