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After approximately 200 years, a comprehensive access to the texts of Humboldt’s extraordinary exploration of the Americans is within sight. To open the legacy to the public for free access the Humboldt Digital Library (HDL) project has been developing a dynamic amount of data related to studies of Alexander von Humboldt. The library includes a range of texts, tables and images, as well as many tools that assist mining the data and navigating the system.
This paper describes the magmaOffenburg 3D simulation team trying to qualify for RoboCup 2010. While last year’s TDP focused on decisions making using extended behavior networks and on its software architecture and implementation in this year we describe the tool set that was created for RoboCup 3D. It contians a GUI for agent- and world state visualization, for evaluation of localization algorithms and benchmarks in general, a visual editor for Extended Behavior Networks creation and debugging, a live movement tool to interact with the joints and finally a tool for editing behavior motor files.
Under a grant of the German ProInno program („Erhöhung der Innovationskompetenz mittelständischer Unternehmen“)the Hochschule Offenburg participated during the past 2 years in an industry project prototyping a new type of service for modern Air Traffic Control (ATC) applications.<br> Objective of the project has been the joint development of hardware and software components for a so-called TIS-B (Traffic Information System - Broadcast) support infrastructure to enable new cockpit applications increasing the air situation awareness for pilots of commercial airliners [1]. At the core of the project is a space-time-scheduler, controlling a battery of TIS-B groundstations over a Wide Area Surveillance Network [4].<br> The project has been successfully concluded and is currently in its evaluation phase. Industry partner was the Karlsruhe-located company COMSOFT, international market leader in ATC sensor networks.
Using guideline parameters for indication of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), only about two thirds of the patients improve clinically. Unfortunately both, surface ECG and echo are uncertain to predict CRT response. To better characterize cardiac desynchronization in heart failure, interventricular (IVCD) and intra-leftventricular conduction delays (ILVCD) were measured by esophageal left ventricular electrogram (LVE). Recordings in 43 CRT patients (34m, 9f, age: 64.7 ± 9.5yrs) evidenced only weak correlation between IVCD and QRS of 0.53 and between ILVCD and QRS of 0.33. This demonstrated that QRS duration is not a reliable indicator of desynchronization. Therefore, the study resulted into development of LVE feature for a programmer with implant support device. It can be used interoperatively to guide the left ventricular electrode location in order to increase responder rate in CRT.
We report the fabrication and characterization of glucose-tolerant Raney-platinum cathodes for oxygen reduction in potentially implantable glucose fuel. Fabricated by extraction of aluminum from 1 μm thin platinum–aluminum bi-layers annealed at 300 °C, the novel cathodes show excellent resistance against hydrolytic and oxidative attack. This renders them superior over previous cathodes fabricated from hydrogel-bound catalyst particles. Annealing times of 60, 120, and 240 min result in approximately 400–550 nm thin porous films (roughness factors ∼100–150), which contain platinum and aluminum in a ratio of ∼9:1. Aluminum release during electrode operation can be expected to have no significant effect on physiological normal levels, which promises good biocompatibility. Annealing time has a distinct influence on the density of trenches formed in the cathode. Higher trench densities lead to lower electrode potentials in the presence of glucose. This suggests that glucose sensitivity is governed by mixed potential formation resulting from oxygen depletion within the trenches. During performance characterization the diffusion resistance to be expected from tissue capsule formation upon electrode implantation was taken into account by placing a membrane in front of the cathode. Despite the resulting limited oxygen supply, cathodes prepared by annealing for 60 min show more positive electrode potentials than previous cathodes fabricated from hydrogel-bound activated carbon. Compared to operation in phosphate buffered saline containing 3.0 mM glucose, a potential loss of approximately 120 mV occurs in artificial tissue fluid. This can be reduced to approximately 90 mV with a protective Nafion layer that is easily electro-coated onto the Raney-platinum film.
We present a novel fabrication route yielding Raney-platinum film electrodes intended as glucose oxidation anodes for potentially implantable fuel cells. Fabrication roots on thermal alloying of an extractable metal with bulk platinum at 200 °C for 48 h. In contrast to earlier works using carcinogenic nickel, we employ zinc as potentially biocompatible alloying partner. Microstructure analysis indicates that after removal of extractable zinc the porous Raney-platinum film (roughness factor ∼2700) consists predominantly of the Pt3Zn phase. Release of zinc during electrode operation can be expected to have no significant effect on physiological normal levels in blood and serum, which promises good biocompatibility. In contrast to previous anodes based on hydrogel-bound catalyst particles the novel anodes exhibit excellent resistance against hydrolytic and oxidative attack. Furthermore, they exhibit significantly lower polarization with up to approximately 100 mV more negative electrode potentials in the current density range relevant for fuel cell operation. The anodes’ amenability to surface modification with protective polymers is demonstrated by the exemplary application of an approximately 300 nm thin Nafion coating. This had only a marginal effect on the anode long-term stability and amino acid tolerance. While in physiological glucose solution after approximately 100 h of operation gradually increasing performance degradation occurs, rapid electrode polarization within 24 h is observed in artificial tissue fluid. Optimization approaches may include catalyst enhancement by adatom surface modification and the application of specifically designed protective polymers with controlled charge and mesh size.
AV delay (AVD) optimization is mandatory in cardiac resynchronization (CRT) for heart failure. Several time consuming methods exist. We initialized development of left-atrial electrogram (LAE) feature for Biotronik ICS3000 programmer. It can be utilized to approximate optimal AV delay in CRT patients with pacing systems irrespective of make and model. Using this feature, we studied the share of interatrial conduction intervals (IACT) on individual echo AVD in 45 CRT patients (34m, 11f, mean age 69±6yrs.). The percentage of IACT on optimal echo AVD resulted in44.5±22.1% for VDD and 70.7±10.9% for DDD operation. In all patients, optimal echo AVDs exceeded the individual IACT by a duration of 52.5±33.3ms (p<0.001), at mean. Therefore, if AV delay optimization is not possible or not practicable in CRT patients, AVD should be approximated by individually measuring IACT and adding about 50ms.