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The uncertain and time-variant nature of renewable energy results in the need to deal with peaks in the production of energy. One approach is to achieve a load shift and thereby help balancing the grid by using thermally Activated Building Systems (TABS). Control systems currently in place do not exploit the full potential of TABS. This paper reviews how Model Predictive Control can possibly reduce the fluctuations of the demand and supply of (renewable) energy as it enables the TABS to react to the dynamics of weather and its impact on the grid at any time.
Battery degradation is a complex physicochemical process that strongly depends on operating conditions and environment. We present a model-based analysis of lithium-ion battery degradation in smart microgrids, in particular, a single-family house and an office tract with photovoltaics generator. We use a multi-scale multi-physics model of a graphite/lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4, LFP) cell including SEI formation as ageing mechanism. The cell-level model is dynamically coupled to a system-level model consisting of photovoltaics, inverter, power consumption profiles, grid interaction, and energy management system, fed with historic weather data. The behavior of the cell in terms of degradation propensity, performance, state of charge and other internal states is predicted over an annual operation cycle. As result, we have identified a peak in degradation rate during the battery charging process, caused by charging overpotentials. Ageing strongly depends on the load situation, where the predicted annual capacity fade is 1.9 % for the single-family house and only 1.3 % for the office tract.
The humanoid Sweaty was the finalist in this year’s robocup soccer championship(adult size). For the optimization of the gait and the stability, data concerning forces and torques in the ankle joints would be helpful. In the following paper the development of a six-axis force and torque sensor for the humanoid robot Sweaty is described. Since commercial sensors do not meet the demands for the sensors in Sweatys ankle joints, a new sensor was developed. As a measuring devices we used strain gauges and custom electronics based on an acam PS09. The geometry was analyzed with the FEM program ANSYS to get optimal dimensions for the measuring beams. In addition ANSYS was used to optimize the position for the strain gauges on the beam.