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A Hybrid Optoelectronic Sensor Platform with an Integrated Solution‐Processed Organic Photodiode
(2021)
Hybrid systems, unifying printed electronics with silicon‐based technology, can be seen as a driving force for future sensor development. Especially interesting are sensing elements based on printed devices in combination with silicon‐based high‐performance electronics for data acquisition and communication. In this work, a hybrid system integrating a solution‐processed organic photodiode in a silicon‐based system environment, which enables flexible device measurement and application‐driven development, is presented. For performance evaluation of the integrated organic photodiode, the measurements are compared to a silicon‐based counterpart. Therefore, the steady state response of the hybrid system is presented. Promising application scenarios are described, where a solution‐processed organic photodiode is fully integrated in a silicon system.
Rectifiersare vital electronic circuits for signal and power conversion in various smart sensor applications. The ability to process low input voltage levels, for example, from vibrational energy harvesters is a major challenge with existing passive rectifiers in printed electronics, stemming mainly from the built-in potential of the diode's p-njunction. To address this problem, in this work, we design, fabricate, and characterize an inkjet-printed full-wave rectifier using diode-connected electrolyte-gated thin-film transistors (EGTs). Using both experimental and simulation approaches, we investigate how the rectifier can benefit from the near-zero threshold voltage of transistors, which can be enabled by proper channel geometry setting in EGT technology. The presented circuit can be operated at 1-V input voltage, featuring a remarkably small voltage loss of 140 mV and a cutoff frequency of ~300 Hz. Below the cutoff frequency, more than 2.6-μW dc power is obtained over the load resistances ranging from 5 to 20 kQ. Furthermore, experiments show that the circuit can work with an input amplitude down to 500 mV. This feature makes the presented design highly suitable for a variety of energy-harvesting applications.
A physical unclonable function (PUF) is a hardware circuit that produces a random sequence based on its manufacturing-induced intrinsic characteristics. In the past decade, silicon-based PUFs have been extensively studied as a security primitive for identification and authentication. The emerging field of printed electronics (PE) enables novel application fields in the scope of the Internet of Things (IoT) and smart sensors. In this paper, we design and evaluate a printed differential circuit PUF (DiffC-PUF). The simulation data are verified by Monte Carlo analysis. Our design is highly scalable while consisting of a low number of printed transistors. Furthermore, we investigate the best operating point by varying the PUF challenge configuration and analyzing the PUF security metrics in order to achieve high robustness. At the best operating point, the results show areliability of 98.37% and a uniqueness of 50.02%, respectively. This analysis also provides useful and comprehensive insights into the design of hybrid or fully printed PUF circuits. In addition, the proposed printed DiffC-PUF core has been fabricated with electrolyte-gated field-effect transistor technology to verify our design in hardware.