Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Conference Proceeding (93) (remove)
Conference Type
- Konferenzartikel (78)
- Konferenz-Abstract (6)
- Sonstiges (4)
- Konferenz-Poster (3)
- Konferenzband (2)
Has Fulltext
- no (93)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (93) (remove)
Keywords
- Stahl (4)
- Dünnschichtchromatographie (3)
- Innovation (3)
- Methanisierung (3)
- Energy Management (2)
- Finite-Elemente-Methode (2)
- Hochtemperatur (2)
- Kerbe (2)
- Kreativität (2)
- Maschinenelement (2)
Institute
- Fakultät Maschinenbau und Verfahrenstechnik (M+V) (93) (remove)
Open Access
- Closed Access (93) (remove)
Significant improvements in module performance are possible via implementation of multi-wire electrodes. This is economically sound as long as the mechanical yield of the production is maintained. While flat ribbons have a relatively large contact area to exert forces onto the solar cell, wires with round cross section reduce this contact area considerably – in theory to an infinitively thin line. Therefore, the local stresses induced by the electrodes might increase to a point that mechanical production yields suffer unacceptably.
In this paper, we assess this issue by an analytical mechanical model as well as experiments with an encapsulant-free N.I.C.E. test setup. From these, we can derive estimations for the relationship between lay-up accuracy and expected breakage losses. This paves the way for cost-optimized choices of handling equipment in industrial N.I.C.E.-wire production lines.
We describe a prototype for power line communi- cation for grid monitoring. The PLC receiver is used to gain information about the PLC channel and the current state of the power grid. The PLC receiver uses the communication signal to obtain an accurate estimate of the current channel and provides information which can be used as a basis for further processing with the aim to detect partial discharges and other anomalies in the grid. This monitoring of the power grid takes advantage of existing PLC infrastructure and uses the data signals, which are transmitted anyway to obtain a real-time measurement of the channel transfer function and the received noise signal. Since this signal is sampled at a high sampling rate compared to simpler measurement sensors, it contains valuable information about possible degradations in the grid which need to be addressed. While channel measurements are based on a received PLC signal, information about partial discharges or other sources of interference can be gathered by a PLC receiver in the absence of a transmit signal. A prototype based on Software Defined Radio has been developed, which implements the simultaneous communication and sensing for a power grid.
This study aims to investigate the individual response concerning BRFs for AT when the mid-sole hardness underneath the rearfoot was systematically altered. We first identified FGs based on the footwear condition that minimised the risk for AT across BRFs. We then tested the FGs for differences in anthropometrics, footwear comfort, and running characteristics.
For some years now, additive manufacturing (AM) has offered an alternative to conventional manufacturing processes. The strengths of AM are primarily the rapid implementation of ideas into a usable product and the ability to produce geometrically complex shapes. It has also significantly advanced the lightweight design of products made of plastic. So far, the strength of printed components made of polymers is previously very limited.
Recently, new AM processes have become available that allow the embedding of short and also long fibers in polymer matrix. Thus, the manufacturing of components that provide a significant increase in strength becomes possible. In this way, both complex geometries and sophisticated applications can be implemented. This paper therefore investigates how this new technology can be implemented in product development, focusing on sports equipment. An extensive literature research shows that lightweight design plays a decisive role in sports equipment. In addition, the advantages of AM in terms of individualized products and low quantities can be fully exploited.
An example of this approach is the steering system for a seat sled used by paraplegic athletes in the Olympic discipline of Nordic paraskiing. A particular challenge here is the placement and alignment of the long carbon fibers within the polymer matrix and the verification of the strength by means of Finite-Element-Analysis (FEA). In addition, findings from bionics are used to optimize the lightweight design of the steering system. Using this example, it can be shown that the weight of the steering system can be drastically reduced compared to conventional manufacturing. At the same time, a number of parts can be saved through function integration and thus the manufacturing and assembly effort can be reduced significantly.
Offenburg university of Applied Sciences offers pre-study extracurricular preparatory courses for future engineering students in mathematics and physics. Due to pandemic restrictions, the two-week preparatory physics course preceeding winter term 2020/21 was presented as an online -only course.
Students enrolled to the course attended eight online lect ures of approximately 90 minutes duration followed by a group assignment. Both lectures and tutoring to the group assignment used a videoconference system with group sizes of 120 (lecture) and 6 (peer instruction and group assignments). The eight lectures focused on the high school physics curriculum of mechanics, electricity, thermodynamics and optics. Each lecture included four “peer instruction” questions to improve student activation. Student responses were collected using an audience response online tool.
The “peer instruction” questions were discussed by the students in online groups of six students. These groups also received written group assignments consisting of common textbook exercises and additional problems with incomplete information. To solve these problems, groups were encouraged to discuss possible solutions. The on-line course attendance was monitored and showed a characteristic exponential “decay” curve with a half-life of approximately 18 lectures which is comparable to conventional courses: Around 73% of the students enrolled in the preparatory course attended all eight lectures. In addition to the attendance, the progress of the participants was monitored by two online tests: A pre-course online test the first course day and a post -course online test on the last day.
The completion of both tests was highly recommended, but not a formal requirement for the students. The fraction of students completing the pre-course, but not the post-course test was used as an estimate for the drop-out rate of (34±3)%.
The twin concept is increasingly used for optimization tasks in the context of Industry 4.0 and digitization. The twin concept can also help small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) to exploit their energy flexibility potential and to achieve added value by appropriate energy marketing. At the same time, this use of flexibility helps to realize a climate-neutral energy supply with high shares of renewable energies. The digital twin reflects real production, power flows and market influences as a computer model, which makes it possible to simulate and optimize on-site interventions and interactions with the energy market without disturbing the real production processes. This paper describes the development of a generic model library that maps flexibility-relevant components and processes of SME, thus simplifying the creation of a digital twin. The paper also includes the development of an experimental twin consisting of SME hardware components and a PLC-based SCADA system. The experimental twin provides a laboratory environment in which the digital twin can be tested, further developed and demonstrated on a laboratory scale. Concrete implementations of such a digital twin and experimental twin are described as examples.
Ein tiefgreifendes Verständnis des zyklischen Plastizitätsverhaltens metallischer Werkstoffe ist sowohl für die Optimierung der Materialeigenschaften als auch für die industrielle Auslegung und Fertigung von Bauteilen von hoher Relevanz. Insbesondere moderne Legierungen wie Duplex-Stähle zeigen unter Lastumkehr aufgrund des komplexen mehrphasigen Gefüges sowie der Neigung zu verschiedenen Ausscheidungsreaktionen einen ausgeprägten Bauschinger-Effekt, welcher bei technischen Umformvorgängen berücksichtigt werden muss. Der Bauschinger-Effekt begründet sich maßgeblich in der Entstehung von Rückspannungen, welche aus dem unterschiedlichen Plastizitätsverhalten der austenitischen und ferritischen Phase resultieren. Instrumentierte Mikroindenter-Versuche in ausgewählten Ferrit- und Austenitkörnern haben gezeigt, dass austenitische Gefügebestandteile durch einen deutlich früheren Fließbeginn sowie eine stärkere Rückplastifizierung während der Entlastung charakterisiert sind. Zudem wurde nachgewiesen, dass Ausscheidungen im Rahmen einer 475°C-Versprödung diesen Phasenunterschied verstärken und somit in einem höheren Bauschinger-Effekt resultieren.
Do you know that for each banana bunch the complete plant must be cut as well? Only in Brazil 440 million trees are planted annually. With an average weight of 30 kg per banana plant you can estimate about 13,5 million tons of banana residues per year. Although there exist some projects to use these residues for the production of valuable products (e.g fibers for textile and paper production) most of this organic waste material is unused and left for composting on the farmland.
The basic idea of this project is to evaluate this organic waste material for converting it to a renewable and CO2 neutral fuel. Therefore, the different parts of the banana plant (heart, leaves and pseudo stem) were analyzed regarding their biogas potential (specific biogas yield and biogas production kinetics). In further studies the effect of mechanical and enzymatic pretreatments of the different parts of the plants was investigated. This examination could then be the basis for an energetic usage of this organic residue.
The biogas batch experiments were performed according to the german guideline VDI 4630 in 2-L-Batch reactors at 37°C. As biogas substrates, the heart, the leaves and the pseudo stem of the banana plant residue with and without enzymatic/mechanical pretreatment were used.
The different parts of the banana plants result in a specific biogas production yield in the range of 260-470 norm liters per kg organic dry mass.
To determine the influence of the mechanical pretreatment (particle size 1-15 mm) on the biogas production kinetics, the kinetic constants were defined and calculated. The reduction of the particle size leads to an improved biogas production kinetics. Therefore experiments will demonstrate, if the results from the batch experiments can be converted in the continuous fed biogas reactor. The experiments of the enzymatic pretreatment are still under investigation.
Environmentally-friendly implementation of new technologies and eco-innovative solutions often faces additional secondary ecological problems. On the other hand, existing biological systems show a lesser environmental impact as compared to the human-made products or technologies. The paper defines a research agenda for identification of underlying eco-inventive principles used in the natural systems created through evolution. Finally, the paper proposes a comprehensive method for capturing eco-innovation principles in biological systems in addition and complementary to the existing biomimetic methods and TRIZ methodology and illustrates it with an example.
Cross-industry innovation is commonly understood as identification of analogies and interdisciplinary transfer or copying of technologies, processes, technical solutions, working principles or models between industrial sectors. In general, creative thinking in analogies belongs to the efficient ideation techniques. However, engineering graduates and specialists frequently lack the skills to think across the industry boundaries systematically. To overcome this drawback an easy-to-use method based on five analogies has been evaluated through its applications by students and engineers in numerous experiments and industrial case studies. The proposed analogies help to identify and resolve engineering contradictions and apply approaches of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving TRIZ and biomimetics. The paper analyses the outcomes of the systematized analogies-based ideation and outlines that its performance continuously grows with the engineering experience. It defines metrics for ideation efficiency and ideation performance function.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 20th International TRIZ Future Conference, TFC 2020, held online at the University Cluj-Napoca, Romania, in October 2020 and sponsored by the International Federation for Information Processing.
34 chapters were carefully peer reviewed and selected from 91 conference submissions. They are organized in the following thematic sections: computing TRIZ; education and pedagogy; sustainable development; tools and techniques of TRIZ for enhancing design; TRIZ and system engineering; TRIZ and complexity; and cross-fertilization of TRIZ for innovation management.
Additive manufacturing is a rapidly growing manufacturing process for which many new processes and materials are currently being developed. The biggest advantage is that almost any shape can be produced, while conventional manufacturing methods reach their limits. Furthermore, a lot of material is saved because the part is created in layers and only as much material is used as necessary. In contrast, in the case of machining processes, it is not uncommon for more than half of the material to be removed and disposed of. Recently, new additive manufacturing processes have been on the market that enables the manufacturing of components using the FDM process with fiber reinforcement. This opens up new possibilities for optimizing components in terms of their strength and at the same time increasing sustainability by reducing materials consumption and waste. Within the scope of this work, different types of test specimens are to be designed, manufactured and examined. The test specimens are tensile specimens, which are used both for standardized tensile tests and for examining a practical component from automotive engineering used in student project. This project is a vehicle designed to compete in the Shell Eco-marathon, one of the world’s largest energy efficiency competitions. The aim is to design a vehicle that covers a certain distance with as little fuel as possible. Accordingly, it is desirable to manufacture the components with the lowest possible weight, while still ensuring the required rigidity. To achieve this, the use of fiber-reinforced 3D-printed parts is particularly suitable due to the high rigidity. In particular, the joining technology for connecting conventionally and additively manufactured components is developed. As a result, the economic efficiency was assessed, and guidelines for the design of components and joining elements were created. In addition, it could be shown that the additive manufacturing of the component could be implemented faster and more sustainably than the previous conventional manufacturing.
Interaction and capturing information from the surrounding is dominated by vision and hearing. Haptics on the other side, widens the bandwidth and could also replace senses (sense switching) for impaired. Haptic technologies are often limited to point-wise actuation. Here, we show that actuation in two-dimensional matrices instead creates a richer input. We describe the construction of a full-body garment for haptic communication with a distributed actuating network. The garment is divided into attachable-detachable panels or add-ons that each can carry a two dimensional matrix of actuating haptic elements. Each panel adds to an enhanced sensoric capability of the human- garment system so that together a 720° system is formed. The spatial separation of the panels on different body locations supports semantic and theme-wise separation of conversations conveyed by haptics. It also achieves directional faithfulness, which is maintaining any directional information about a distal stimulus in the haptic input.
Konstrukteure im Maschinenbau stehen häufig vor der Problemstellung, hochfest vorgespannte Schraubenverbindungen und einen durchgehenden Korrosionsschutz zu vereinen. Die Normen und Richtlinien bieten hierzu Stand heute keine ausreichenden Antworten. Die Hochschule Offenburg befasst sich im Rahmen einer industriellen Gemeinschaftsforschung mit der Fragestellung, welchen Einfluss organische Beschichtungen auf die Vorspannkraft insbesondere bei erhöhten Umgebungstemperaturen haben. In dieser Arbeit werden die ersten Ergebnisse zum Einfluss der Einzelschichtstärke des Beschichtungssystems präsentiert.
The PHOTOPUR project aims to develop a photocatalytic process as a type of AOPs (Advanced Oxidation Processes) for the elimination of plant protection products (PPP) of the cleaning water used to wash sprayers. At INES a PV based energy supply for the photocatalytic cleaning system was developed within the framework of two bachelor theses and assembled as a demonstration unit. Then the system was step by step extended with further process automation features and pushed to a remote operating device. The final system is now available as a mobile unit mounted on a lab table. The latest step was the photocatalytic reactor module which completed the first PHOTOPUR prototype. The system is actually undergoing an intensive testing phase with performance checks at the consortium partners. First results give an overview about the successful operation.
Growing demands for cleaner production and higher eco-efficiency in process engineering require a comprehensive analysis of technical and environmental outcomes of customers and society. Moreover, unexpected additional technical or ecological drawbacks may appear as negative side effects of new environ-mentally friendly technologies. The paper conceptualizes a comprehensive ap-proach for analysis and ranking of engineering and ecological requirements in process engineering in order to anticipate secondary problems in eco-design and to avoid compromising the environmental or technological goals. For this purpose, the paper presents a method based on integration of the Quality Func-tion Deployment approach with the Importance-Satisfaction Analysis for the requirements ranking. The proposed method identifies and classifies compre-hensively the potential engineering and eco-engineering contradictions through analysis of correlations within requirements groups such as stakehold-er requirements (SRs) and technical requirements (TRs), and additionally through cross-relationship between SRs and TRs.
The 40 Altshuller Inventive Principles with numerous sub-principles remain over decades the most frequently applied tool of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving TRIZ for systematic idea generation. However, their application often requires a concentrated, creative and abstract way of thinking that can be fairly challenging for the newcomers to TRIZ. This paper describes an approach to reduce the abstraction level of inventive sub-principles and presents the results of the idea generation experiment conducted with three groups of undergraduate and graduate students from different years of study in mechanical and process engineering. The students were asked to generate and to record their individual ideas for three design problems using a pre-defined set of classical and modified sub-principles within 10 minutes. The overall outcomes of the experiment support the assumption that the less abstract wording of the modified sub-principles leads to higher number of ideas. The distribution of ideas between the fields of MATCHEM-IBD (Mechanical, Acoustic, Thermal, Chemical, Electrical, Magnetic, Intermolecular, Biological and Data processing) differs significantly between groups using modified and abstract sub-principles.
Classification of TRIZ Inventive Principles and Sub-Principles for Process Engineering Problems
(2019)
The paper proposes a classification approach of 40 Inventive Principles with an extended set of 160 sub-principles for process engineering, based on a thorough analysis of 155 process intensification technologies, 200 patent documents, 6 industrial case studies applying TRIZ, and other sources. The authors define problem-specific sub-principles groups as a more precise and productive ideation technique, adaptable for a large diversity of problem situations, and finally, examine the anticipated variety of ideation using 160 sub-principles with the help of MATCEM-IBD fields.