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To achieve its climate goals, the German industry has to undergo a transformation toward renewable energies. To analyze this transformation in energy system models, the industry’s electricity demands have to be provided in a high temporal and sectoral resolution, which, to date, is not the case due to a lack of open-source data. In this paper, a methodology for the generation of synthetic electricity load profiles is described; it was applied to 11 industry types. The modeling was based on the normalized daily load profiles for eight electrical end-use applications. The profiles were then further refined by using the mechanical processes of different branches. Finally, a fluctuation was applied to the profiles as a stochastic attribute. A quantitative RMSE comparison between real and synthetic load profiles showed that the developed method is especially accurate for the representation of loads from three-shift industrial plants. A procedure of how to apply the synthetic load profiles to a regional distribution of the industry sector completes the methodology.
To achieve Germany's climate targets, the industrial sector, among others, must be transformed. The decarbonization of industry through the electrification of heating processes is a promising option. In order to investigate this transformation in energy system models, high-resolution temporal demand profiles of the heat and electricity applications for different industries are required. This paper presents a method for generating synthetic electricity and heat load profiles for 14 industry types. Using this methodology, annual profiles with a 15-minute resolution can be generated for both energy demands. First, daily profiles for the electricity demand were generated for 4 different production days. These daily profiles are additionally subdivided into eight end-use application categories. Finally, white noise is applied to the profile of the mechanical drives. The heat profile is similar to the electrical but is subdivided into four temperature ranges and the two applications hot water and space heating. The space heating application is additionally adjusted to the average monthly outdoor temperature. Both time series were generated for the analysis of an electrification of industrial heat application in energy system modelling.
The sharp rise in electricity and oil prices due to the war in Ukraine has caused fluctuations in the results of the previous study about the economic analysis of electric buses. This paper shows how the increase in fuel prices affects the implementation of electric buses. This publication is constructing the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) model in the small-mid-size city, Offenburg for the transition to electric buses. The future development of costs is estimated and a projection based on learning curves will be carried out. This study intends to introduce a new future prospect by presenting the latest data based on previous research. Through the new TCO result, the cost differences between the existing diesel bus and the electric bus are updated, and also the future prospects for the economic feasibility of the electric bus in a small and midsize city are presented.
Auswirkung eines Importstopps russischer Energieträger auf die Klimaschutzziele in Deutschland
(2022)
Ein Importstopp russischer Energieträger nach Deutschland wird derzeit vermehrt diskutiert. Wir wollen die Diskussion unterstützen, indem wir einen Weg zeigen, wie das Elektrizitätssystem in Deutschland kurzfristig mit geringen Energieimporten auskommt und welche Maßnahmen notwendig sind, um die Klimaschutzziele trotzdem einzuhalten. Die Ergebnisse eines solchen Energiewendeszenarios mit reduzierter Importabhängigkeit werden mit dem Energiesystemmodell MyPyPSA-Ger berechnet. Die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse sind, dass ein zügiger Ausbau Erneuerbarer Energien und von Speichertechnologien • die Abhängigkeit des deutschen Elektrizitätssystems von Energieimporten deutlich reduziert. • auch langfristig keine wesentlichen Importe der Energieträger Erdgas, Steinkohle und Mineralöl nach sich zieht. • über die Klimaziele der Bundesregierung hinaus das 1,5-Grad-Ziel im Elektrizitätssystem erreicht wird.
An import ban of Russian energy sources to Germany is currently being increasingly discussed. We want to support the discussion by showing a way how the electricity system in Germany can manage low energy imports in the short term and which measures are necessary to still meet the climate protection targets. In this paper, we examine the impact of a complete stop of Russian fossil fuel imports on the electricity sector in Germany, and how this will affect the climate coals of an earlier coal phase-out and climate neutrality by 2045.
Following a scenario-based analysis, the results gave a point of view on how much would be needed to completely rely on the scarce non-renewable energy resources in Germany. Huge amounts of investments would be needed in order to ensure a secure supply of electricity, in both generation energy sources (RES) and energy storage systems (ESS). The key findings are that a rapid expansion of renewables and storage technologies will significantly reduce the dependence of the German electricity system on energy imports. The huge integration of renewable energy does not entail any significant imports of the energy sources natural gas, hard coal, and mineral oil, even in the long term. The results showed that a ban on fossil fuel imports from Russia outlines huge opportunities to go beyond the German government's climate targets, where the 1.5-degree-target is achieved in the electricity system.