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Massive Umwälzungen im Marktumfeld, verstärkt durch disruptive Technologien, stellen viele Unternehmen vor die existenzielle Frage, wie sie ihr etabliertes Geschäftsmodell zukunftsfähig weiterentwickeln können beziehungsweise wie sie sich unter Umständen grundlegend neu aufstellen müssen. Volatilität, Unsicherheit, Komplexität und Ambiguität (kurz VUKA) sind in diesem Kontext jene ungünstigen Begleiterscheinungen, die auch genossenschaftliche Unternehmen beeinflussen. Die vielfältigen Herausforderungen im Unternehmensumfeld, wie beispielsweise ungünstige demografische Entwicklungen, eine zunehmende Urbanisierung bei steigendem Bedarf an regionaler Daseinsvorsorge, Wettbewerbsdruck durch neue Geschäftsmodelle und Konkurrenten infolge der Künstlichen Intelligenz beziehungsweise Digitalisierung – zum Beispiel durch FinTechs – bedingen die Suche nach Orientierung, nach einem strategischen Kompass sowohl für Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft.
Am Beispiel der kanadischen Metropole Vancouver zeigt sich, dass auch in Zeiten einer immer komplexer werdenden Welt Wirtschaftswachstum, Nachhaltigkeit und Lebenswert positiv korrelieren können und innerhalb weniger Jahrzehnte regional umsetzbar sind. Die Stadt setzt dabei überwiegend auf zentral gesteuerte Aktivitäten der „Vancouver Economic Comission“, die alle gesellschaftlichen und unternehmerischen Anspruchsgruppen auf der Basis werteorientierten Handelns konsequent das Ziel verfolgen lässt, Vancouver zu einer global anerkannten Stadt für innovatives, kreatives und nachhaltiges Business zu entwickeln. Das Streben Vancouvers weist dabei Parallelen zu genossenschaftlichen Wesensprinzipien sowie zu im deutschsprachigen Raum bereits existierenden Ansätzen genossenschaftlicher Innovationsökosysteme auf. Letztere haben bereits an verschiedenen Stellen bewiesen, dass sie das Potenzial haben in Zeiten komplexer Herausforderungen zukunftsfähige Lösungen für die Menschen in der Region gemeinschaftlich zu entwickeln. Gleichzeitig lassen sich mittels innovativer Produkte, Dienstleistungen und Geschäftsmodelle neue Ertragsquellen erschließen.
Strategen genossenschaftlicher oder kooperativer Banken und Unternehmen sollten nachfolgende Fragen bewegen:
• Was können deutsche Städte, Gemeinden und Regionen von Vancouver hinsichtlich des Aufbaus und der Gestaltung dynamischer Innovationsökosysteme lernen?
• Welche Rolle können Genossenschaften in Innovationsökosystemen spielen?
• Wie könnten die Innovationsprinzipien, -methoden und -formate in der jeweiligen Region erfolgversprechend eingesetzt werden?
Die Möglichkeit zur digitalen Verbindung geographischer Orte mit Aufgaben, Herausforderungen oder Lernmaterialien hat eine Vielzahl von Anwendungen auch außerhalb der Mathematikbildung inspiriert. Dieser Beitrag stellt eine exemplarische Auswahl solcher Applikationen vor und versucht, die technischen, organisatorischen und konzeptionellen Gestaltungselemente zu systematisieren. Die Ausführungen sollen als Anregung bei der Anlage von Mathematiktrails sowie bei der Weiterentwicklung technischer Lösungen für den Lehreinsatz dienen.
Grundlagen der Organisation
(2019)
Eine betriebswirtschaftliche Theorie der Organisationsgestaltung hat Strukturmodelle zu entwickeln, die als Grundlage für Organisationsentscheidungen des Managements geeignet sind. Es geht dabei um die Bewältigung der elementaren Anforderungen, die bei interpersoneller Arbeitsteilung zwangsläufig durch die Trennung zusammenhängender Aufgabenkomplexe und die Einbeziehung einer Mehrzahl von Personen mit jeweils individuellen Zielen entstehen. Bei der Verfolgung dieses Anliegens orientiert sich auch die Neuauflage der "Grundlagen der Organisation" unverändert am bewährten entscheidungstheoretischen Konzept der Organisationsgestaltung, das einen fundierten anwendungsbezogen Zugang zum Verständnis und zur Lösung komplexer Organisationsprobleme eröffnet.
A novel Bluetooth Low Energy advertising scan algorithm is presented for hybrid radios that are additionally capable to measure energy on Bluetooth channels, e.g. as they would need to be compliant with IEEE 802.15.4. Scanners applying this algorithm can achieve a low latency whilst consuming only a fraction of the power that existing mechanisms can achieve at a similar latency. Furthermore, the power consumption can scale with the incoming network traffic and in contrast to the existing mechanisms, scanners can operate without any frame loss given ideal network conditions. The algorithm does not require any changes to advertisers, hence, stays compatible with existing devices. Performance evaluated via simulation and experiments on real hardware shows a 37 percent lower power consumption compared to the best existing scan setting while even achieving a slightly lower latency which proves that this algorithm can be used to improve the quality of service of connection-less Bluetooth communication or reduce the connection establishment time of connection-oriented communication.
We present a novel approach that utilizes BLE packets sent from generic BLE capable radios to synthesize an FSK-(like) addressable wake-up packet. A wake-up receiver system was developed from off-the-shelf components to detect these packets. It makes use of two differential signal paths separated by passive band-pass filters. After the rectification of each channel a differential amplifier compares the signals and the resulting wake-up signal is evaluated by an AS3933 wake-up receiver IC. Overall, the combination of these techniques contributes to a BLE compatible wake-up system which is more robust than traditional OOK wake-up systems. Thus, increasing wake-up range, while still maintaining a low energy budget. The proof-of-concept setup achieved a sensitivity of -47.8 dBm at a power consumption of 18.5 uW during passive listening. The system has a latency of 31.8 ms with a symbol rate of 1437 Baud.
Synergieprognosen spielen bei der Begründung von Unternehmensübernahmen regelmäßig eine wichtige Rolle. Da diese Prognosen unsicher sind, bedürfen sie einer fundierten Beurteilung, was wiederum eine offene Diskussion innerhalb von Vorstand und Aufsichtsrat voraussetzt. Solche Diskussionen sind jedoch keine Selbstverständlichkeit, da Gruppen dazu neigen, problematische Entscheidungsaspekte nicht angemessen zu würdigen. Mit dem Tornado-Diagramm wird ein Instrument vorgestellt, das diesem Effekt entgegenwirkt und die Entscheider dazu motiviert, auch ungünstige Synergieprognosen zu diskutieren. Auf diese Weise kann die Übernahmeentscheidung auf eine bessere Informationsgrundlage gestellt werden.
Es wird eine Fallstudie vorgestellt, die die Visualisierung von Geschäftsdaten nach dem International Business Communication Standard IBCS (Hichert & Faisst 2016 / 2017) auf der cloudbasierten Plattform SAP Analytics Cloud umsetzt. Mit der Fallstudie soll die Frage beantwortet werden, ob IBCS im Rahmen einer Lehreinheit mit hohem praktischem Anteil mit SAP Analytics Cloud umgesetzt werden kann. Darüber hinaus soll der generelle Einsatz von SAP Analytics Cloud für die Lehre im Analytics-Umfeld evaluiert werden.
Avoiding collisions between a robot arm and any obstacle in its path is essential to human-robot collaboration. Multiple systems are available that can detect obstacles in the robot's way prior and subsequent to a collision. The systems work well in different areas surrounding the robot. One area that is difficult to handle is the area that is hidden by the robot arm. This paper focuses on pick and place maneuvers, especially on obstacle detection in between the robot arm and the table that robot is located on. It introduces the use of single pixel time-of-flight sensors to detect obstacles directly from the robot arm. The proposed approach reduces the complexity of the problem by locking axes of the robot that are not needed for the pick and place movement. The comparison of simulated results and laboratory measurements show concordance.
This paper describes the concept and some results of the project "Menschen Lernen Maschinelles Lernen" (Humans Learn Machine Learning, ML2) of the University of Applied Sciences Offenburg. It brings together students of different courses of study and practitioners from companies on the subject of Machine Learning. A mixture of blended learning and practical projects ensures a tight coupling of machine learning theory and application. The paper details the phases of ML2 and mentions two successful example projects.
Fusion 360 – kurz und bündig
(2019)
Dieses Lehrbuch ermöglicht dem Anfänger in der 3D-Modellierung einen schnellen Einstieg in die Arbeit mit dem cloudbasierten CAD-System Autodesk® Fusion 360™. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf den grundlegenden Funktionen zur Modellierung von Einzelteilen und Produkten, sowie in der Erstellung von einfachen technischen Zeichnungen. Dabei werden bei jedem Schritt die besonderen Anforderungen an eine 3D-Druck-gerechte Gestaltung erläutert und umgesetzt. Somit ist das Ergebnis dieser "Schritt für Schritt"-Anleitung die vollständige Modellierung eines Miniatur-Automobils, das am 3D-Drucker in ein reales Modell umgesetzt werden kann. Das didaktische Konzept ist so ausgelegt, dass alle Schritte für ein Selbststudium geeignet sind.
Besides of conventional CAD systems, new, cloud-based CAD systems have also been available for some years. These CAD systems designed according to the principle of software as a service (SaaS) differ in some important features from the conventional CAD systems. Thus, these CAD systems are operated via a browser and it is not necessary to install the software on a computer. The CAD-data is stored in the cloud and not on a local computer or central server. This new approach should also facilitate the sharing and management of data. Finally, many of these new CAD systems are available as freeware for education purposes, so the universities can save license costs. This contribution examines newly developed, cloud-based CAD systems. In the context of a case study, the application of these new CAD systems are investigated in the training of engineers in design education. Thus, the students compare a conventional and a cloud-based CAD system as part of an exercise of designing and 3D modelling of a pinion shaft. Subsequently, the students manufacture a drawing with different views of the pinion shaft. This assessment evaluates different criteria such as user-friendliness, tutorial support and installation effort.
The ability to change aerodynamic parameters of airfoils during flying can potentially save energy as well as reducing the noise made by the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) because of sharp edges of the airfoil and its rudders. In this paper, an approach for the design of an adaptive wing using a multi-material 3D printer is shown. In multi-material 3D printing, up to six different materials can be combined in one component. Thus, the user can determine the mixture and the spatial arrangement of this “digital material” in advance in the pre-processing software. First, the theoretical benefits of adaptive wings are shown, and already existing adaptive wings and concepts are explicated within a literature review. Then the additive manufacturing process using photopolymer jetting and its capabilities to print multiple materials in one part are demonstrated. Within the scope of a case study, an adaptive wing is developed and the necessary steps for the product development and their implementation in CAD are presented. This contribution covers the requirements for different components and sections of an adaptive wing designed for additive manufacturing using multiple materials as well as the single steps of development with its different approaches until the final design of the adaptive wing. The developed wing section is simulated, and qualitative tests in a wind tunnel are carried out with the wing segment. Finally, the additively manufactured wing segment is evaluated under technical and economic aspects.
The additive manufacturing processes have developed significantly in recent years. Currently, new generative processes are coming onto the market. Likewise, the number of available materials that can be processed using additive processes is steadily increasing. Therefore, an important task is to integrate these new processes and materials into the university education of engineers. Due to the rapid change and the constant development in the field of additive manufacturing, a pure transfer of knowledge is not expedient, because this obsolete very quickly. Rather, the students should be enabled to use their skills in such a way that they can always handle new technologies and materials independently and meaningfully.
In this paper, therefore, a new course is developed in which the students largely independently work with additive manufacturing processes. For this purpose, teams of four to five students from different technical programs are formed. The teams have the task of developing and manufacturing a product using additive processes. The goal is to create a powerful product by taking into account the optimization of costs and use of resources.
As an example, the development and additive manufacturing of an ornithopter (aircraft that flies by flapping its wings) will be presented in this contribution. The students have to analyze and optimize the mechanics and aerodynamics of the aircraft. In addition, the rules for production-oriented design must be determined and applied. Further more, they should assess the costs and material consumption during development and production.
This contribution shows how the students have achieved the different learning outcomes. In addition, it becomes clear how the students independently acquired and applied their knowledge in development, design and additive manufacturing. Also, it will be demonstrated how much time the students spent on learning the different technologies.
The development of new processes and materials for additive manufacturing is currently progressing rapidly. In order to use the advantages of additive manufacturing, however, product development and design must also be adapted to these new processes. Therefore it is suitable to use structural optimization. To achieve the best results in lightweight design, it is important to have an approach that reduces the volume in the unloaded regions and considers the restrictions and characteristics of the additive manufacturing process. In this contribution, a case study using a humanoid robot is presented. Thus, the pelvis module of a humanoid robot is optimized regarding its weight and stiffness. Furthermore, an integrated design is implemented in order to reduce the number of parts and the screw connections. The manufacturing uses a new aluminum-based material that has been specially developed for use in additive manufacturing and lightweight construction. For the additive manufacturing by means of the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process, different restrictions and the assembly concepts of the humanoid robot have to be taken into account. These restrictions have to be considered in the setting of the individual parameters and target functions of the structural optimization. As a result, a framework is presented that shows the steps of the redesign and the optimization of the pelvis module. In order to achieve high accuracy with the product, the redesign of the pelvis module is demonstrated with regard to mechanical and thermal postprocessing. Finally, the redesigned part and the different assembly concepts are compared to analyze the economic and technical effects of the optimization.
Direct Digital Manufacturing of Architectural Models using Binder Jetting and Polyjet Modeling
(2019)
Today, architectural models are an important tool for illustrating drawn-on plansor computer-generated virtual models and making them understandable. Inaddition to the conventional methods for the manufacturing of physical models, awide range of processes for Direct Digital Manufacturing (DDM) has spreadrapidly in recent years. In order to facilitate the application of these new methodsfor architects, this contribution examines which technical and economic resultsare possible using 3D printed architectural models. Within a case study, it will beshown on the basis of a multi-storey detached house, which kind of datapreparation is necessary. The DDM of architectural models will be demonstratedusing two widespread techniques and the resulting costs will be compared.
The fast and cost-effective manufacturing of tools for thermoforming is an essential requirement to shorten the development time of products. Thus, additive processes are used increasingly in tooling for thermoforming of plastic sheets. However, a disadvantage of many additive methods is that they are highly cost-intensive, since complex systems based on laser technology and expensive metal powders are needed. Therefore, this paper examines how to work with favorable additive methods, e.g. Binder Jetting, to manufacture tools, which provide sufficient strength for thermoforming. The use of comparatively low-priced inkjet technology for the layer construction and a polymer plaster as material can be expected to result in significant cost reductions. Based on a case study using a cowling (engine bonnet) for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), the development of a complex tool for thermoforming is demonstrated. The object in this study is to produce a tool for a complex-shaped component in small numbers and high quality in a short time and at reasonable costs. Within the tooling process, integrated vacuum channels are implemented in additive tooling without the need for additional post-processing (for example, drilling). In addition, special technical challenges, such as the demolding of undercuts or the parting of the tool are explained. All process steps from tool design to the use of the additively manufactured tool are analyzed. Based on the manufacturing of a small series of cowlings for a UAV made of plastic sheets (ABS), it is shown, that the Binder Jetting offers sufficient mechanical and thermal strength for additive tooling. In addition, an economic evaluation of the tool manufacturing and a detailed consideration of the required manufacturing times for the different process steps are carried out. Finally, a comparison is made with conventional and alternative additive methods of tooling.
Provides a state-of-the-art overview of international trade policy research
The Handbook of Global Trade Policy offers readers a comprehensive resource for the study of international trade policy, governance, and financing. This timely and authoritative work presents contributions from a team of prominent experts that assess the policy implications of recent academic research on the subject. Discussions of contemporary research in fields such as economics, international business, international relations, law, and global politics help readers develop an expansive, interdisciplinary knowledge of 21st century foreign trade.
Accessible for students, yet relevant for practitioners and researchers, this book expertly guides readers through essential literature in the field while highlighting new connections between social science research and global policy-making. Authoritative chapters address new realities of the global trade environment, global governance and international institutions, multilateral trade agreements, regional trade in developing countries, value chains in the Pacific Rim, and more. Designed to provide a well-rounded survey of the subject, this book covers financing trade such as export credit arrangements in developing economies, export insurance markets, climate finance, and recent initiatives of the World Trade Organization (WTO). This state-of-the-art overview:
• Integrates new data and up-to-date research in the field
• Offers an interdisciplinary approach to examining global trade policy
• Introduces fundamental concepts of global trade in an understandable style
• Combines contemporary economic, legal, financial, and policy topics
• Presents a wide range of perspectives on current issues surrounding trade practices and policies
The Handbook of Global Trade Policy is a valuable resource for students, professionals, academics, researchers, and policy-makers in all areas of international trade, economics, business, and finance.
Quo Vadis, Global Trade?
(2019)
This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book provides a comprehensive resource for the study of global policy and governance, as well as economics and financing of international trade. It first deals with a general overview and in‐depth discussion of new realities, trends and further challenges for trade in the 21st century. The book then focuses on global governance and international institutions, focusing on the future for multilateral trade agreements and the activities of international financial institutions, as well as banking regulation and illicit flows. It also shows how global trade and regional development are linked up, for example by looking at the next wave of regional integration as well as what to expect from a protective US trade policy, The book further explores how to finance international trade.