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Phosphate-based inorganic–organic hybrid nanoparticles (IOH-NPs) with the general composition [M]2+[Rfunction(O)PO3]2– (M = ZrO, Mg2O; R = functional organic group) show multipurpose and multifunctional properties. If [Rfunction(O)PO3]2– is a fluorescent dye anion ([RdyeOPO3]2–), the IOH-NPs show blue, green, red, and near-infrared fluorescence. This is shown for [ZrO]2+[PUP]2–, [ZrO]2+[MFP]2–, [ZrO]2+[RRP]2–, and [ZrO]2+[DUT]2– (PUP = phenylumbelliferon phosphate, MFP = methylfluorescein phosphate, RRP = resorufin phosphate, DUT = Dyomics-647 uridine triphosphate). With pharmaceutical agents as functional anions ([RdrugOPO3]2–), drug transport and release of anti-inflammatory ([ZrO]2+[BMP]2–) and antitumor agents ([ZrO]2+[FdUMP]2–) with an up to 80% load of active drug is possible (BMP = betamethason phosphate, FdUMP = 5′-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine 5′-monophosphate). A combination of fluorescent dye and drug anions is possible as well and shown for [ZrO]2+[BMP]2–0.996[DUT]2–0.004. Merging of functional anions, in general, results in [ZrO]2+([RdrugOPO3]1–x[RdyeOPO3]x)2– nanoparticles and is highly relevant for theranostics. Amine-based functional anions in [MgO]2+[RaminePO3]2– IOH-NPs, finally, show CO2 sorption (up to 180 mg g–1) and can be used for CO2/N2 separation (selectivity up to α = 23). This includes aminomethyl phosphonate [AMP]2–, 1-aminoethyl phosphonate [1AEP]2–, 2-aminoethyl phosphonate [2AEP]2–, aminopropyl phosphonate [APP]2–, and aminobutyl phosphonate [ABP]2–. All [M]2+[Rfunction(O)PO3]2– IOH-NPs are prepared via noncomplex synthesis in water, which facilitates practical handling and which is optimal for biomedical application. In sum, all IOH-NPs have very similar chemical compositions but can address a variety of different functions, including fluorescence, drug delivery, and CO2 sorption.
Mit längerfristigen Nutzerbefragungen in zwei unmittelbar benachbarten Bürogebäuden in Freiburg wurden das Temperaturempfinden der Nutzer und deren Zufriedenheit mit dem thermischen Raumkomfort zweimal täglich erfasst. Ein Bürogebäude wird im Sommer mit einem maschinellen Nachtlüftungskonzept konditioniert und das zweite verfügt über eine Betonkerntemperierung und eine Zu‐ und Abluftanlage. Auf Basis der vorhandenen Daten aus der Erhebung wurde mit Hilfe von Regressionsanalysen ein Modell zur Vorhersage der Komforttemperatur berechnet und mit den Modellen in DIN EN 15251 verglichen.