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Since their dawning, space communications have been among the strongest driving applications for the development of error correcting codes. Indeed, space-to-Earth telemetry (TM) links have extensively exploited advanced coding schemes, from convolutional codes to Reed-Solomon codes (also in concatenated form) and, more recently, from turbo codes to low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. The efficiency of these schemes has been extensively proved in several papers and reports. The situation is a bit different for Earth-to-space telecommand (TC) links. Space TCs must reliably convey control information as well as software patches from Earth control centers to scientific payload instruments and engineering equipment onboard (O/B) spacecraft. The success of a mission may be compromised because of an error corrupting a TC message: a detected error causing no execution or, even worse, an undetected error causing a wrong execution. This imposes strict constraints on the maximum acceptable detected and undetected error rates.
In this TDP we describe a new tool created for testing the strategy layer of our soccer playing agents. It is a complete 2D simulator that simulates the games based on the decisions of 22 agents. With this tool, debugging the decision and strategy layer of our agents is much more efficient than before due to various interaction methods and complete control over the simulation.
In the future, the tool could also serve as a measure to run simulations of game series much faster than with the 3D simulator. This way, the impact of different play strategies could be evaluated much faster than before.
In den vergangenen Jahren ist das technische Gas Schwefelhexafluorid (SF6) immer wieder Gegenstand von Diskussionen des Klimaschutzes und der technischen Notwendigkeit für den Betrieb von Schaltanlagen gewesen und wird dies wohl auch noch für längere Zeit bleiben. Das Gas, welches sich aus einem Schwefelatom und sechs Fluoratomen zusammensetzt, wird seit Ende der sechziger 1960er Jahre in Schaltanlagen der Mittel- und Hochspannung eingesetzt. So günstig dessen Eigenschaften im technischen Einsatz auch sind, so klimaschädlich ist es beim Entweichen in die Atmosphäre. SF6 ist das Klimagas mit dem größten bekannten Treibhauspotenzial, es weist ein CO2-Äquivalent (GWP) von 23.900 und eine atmosphärische Lebensdauer von ca. 3.200 Jahren auf. Neben nur wenig verbliebenen Anwendungen in Industrie, Militär und Medizin kommt es heute hauptsächlich bei der elektrischen Energieversorgung als Isolier- und Lichtbogenlöschgas in Schaltanlagen von Übertragungs- und Verteilnetzen zum Einsatz. Grund genug die technische Notwendigkeit, mögliche Alternativen und Konsequenzen drohender Verbote zu diskutieren. In diesem Artikel werden zunächst die Grundlagen moderner SF6- Hochspannungsschaltanlagen vorgestellt, die Klimabelastung durch entweichendes SF6 evaluiert, ein Überblick über den Stand der Forschung gegeben und mögliche Konsequenzen eines Verbotes von Schwefelhexafluorid in der Energieversorgung diskutiert.
In the past two decades much has been published on whiplash injury, yet both the confusion regarding the condition, and the medicolegal discussion about it have increased. In this paper, functional imaging research results are summarized using MRIcroGL3D visualization software and assembled in an image comprising regions of cerebral activation and deactivation.
How can manufacturers or service companies provide better services with connected products, without having acquired a powerful IT infrastructure nor the competences for software development?
Today companies can appeal to a relocated-IT-infrastructure provider, which is called Cloud.
Consequently, they do not have to manage and take care of the safety/security aspect, the updates and the breakdown of the infrastructure internally, as those are all managed by the provider.
It is possible to outsource the development of the software of the connected product to an external company. However, the question now is how fast this company can juggle from one Cloud to another in order to fulfil their clients wishes?
neverMind offers a solution based on a multi-protocols-platform linking the different connected products to a multitude of Clouds without having to redesign the whole communication stack/building block for each change in the Cloud-solution. This is the object of my thesis.
The development follows the V-Model, the first steps to understand the complexity of the project were the realisation of the product technical and architectural specifications. The last step before the Implementation was to design in details the progress and the process of every parts of the platform.
The outcome of the requirements analysis led me to divide the project in two parts:
• a “General Interface” acting as a gateway between the Client-application and “Cloud-modules”
• the “Cloud-modules” themselves.
So far, the specifications are drown up; the General Interface and a client example are coded, as well as a first Cloud-module template.
Electrolyte-Gated Field-Effect Transistors Based on Oxide Semiconductors: Fabrication and Modeling
(2017)
Gelingt den Studienanfängern eine strukturierte Ergebnissicherung der Lehrveranstaltungen? Oder sind viele allein schon mit einem vollständigen Mitschrieb überfordert? Laufen aktivierende Methoden, Medienwechsel und der Wunsch nach strukturierter Sicherung der Inhalte des Lehrgesprächs teilweise sogar auseinander? Immer mehr Studierende (möchten) auch per Tablet mitschreiben. Wie könnte man in der Lehre auf diese Aspekte stärker eingehen?
Es wird ein praktischer Ansatz gezeigt, Mathematik-Vorlesungen über ein Tablet-basiertes Mitmach-Skript zu gestalten. Dieses dient als Schrittmacher zwischen Input- und Verarbeitungsphasen und unterstützt die strukturierte Verschriftlichung, indem es Vorteile von Tafel, PPT und klassischem Skript vereint. Traditionelle Methoden werden mit technologischen Möglichkeiten kombiniert, um die angesprochenen Herausforderungen bewusster im Lehrstil zu berücksichtigen. Verbindungen zu Virtual Classroom und Video-gestützter Lehre werden aufgezeigt.
Gaps in basic math knowledge are among the biggest obstacles to a successful start in university. Students starting their studies in STEM disciplines display significant diversity, “math anxiety” is a widespread phenomenon, and the transition to a self-determined way of studying presents a huge challenge. Universities offer support measures such as preparatory courses. Over the years, Offenburg University realized that with increased diversity, traditional ways of teaching in front of the class have become inefficient. The majority of the students remained inactive and just listened to the teachers’ explanations and the few active participants’ answers.
Since 2013 our new course concept fosters a shift from teaching to active learning on a large scale, involving several hundred participants of our on-site preparatory math courses. This switch to broad active practicing, however, must go hand in hand with providing individual support for an increasingly diverse student body. Meanwhile students bring along their mobile devices, and the training App TeachMatics serves as a facilitator. The course concept has been very well received by both students and teachers.
This paper describes the Sweaty II humanoid adult size robot trying to qualify for the RoboCup 2017 adult size humanoid competition. Sweaty came 2nd in RoboCup 2016 adult size league. The paper describes the main characteristics of Sweaty that made this success possible, and improvements that have been made or are planned to be implemented for RoboCup 2017.
In this paper we show that a model-free approach to learn behaviors in joint space can be successfully used to utilize toes of a humanoid robot. Keeping the approach model-free makes it applicable to any kind of humanoid robot, or robot in general. Here we focus on the benefit on robots with toes which is otherwise more difficult to exploit. The task has been to learn different kick behaviors on simulated Nao robots with toes in the RoboCup 3D soccer simulator. As a result, the robot learned to step on its toe for a kick that performs 30% better than learning the same kick without toes.
Background: R-wave synchronised atrial pacing is an effective temporary pacing
therapy in infants with postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia. In the technique
currently used, adverse short or long intervals between atrial pacing and ventricular
sensing (AP–VS) may be observed during routine clinical practice.
Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyse outcomes of R-wave synchronised
atrial pacing and the relationship between maximum tracking rates and AP–VS
intervals.
Methods: Calculated AP–VS intervals were compared with those predicted by experienced
pediatric cardiologist.
Results: A maximum tracking rate (MTR) set 10 bpm higher than the heart rate (HR)
may result in undesirable short AP–VS intervals (minimum 83 ms). A MTR set 20 bpm
above the HR is the hemodynamically better choice (minimum 96 ms). Effects of either
setting on the AP–VS interval could not be predicted by experienced observers. In our
newly proposed technique the AP–VS interval approaches 95 ms for HR > 210 bpm
and 130 ms for HR < 130 bpm. The progression is linear and decreases strictly
(− 0.4 ms/bpm) between the two extreme levels.
Conclusions: Adjusting the AP–VS interval in the currently used technique is complex
and may imply unfavorable pacemaker settings. A new pacemaker design is advisable
to allow direct control of the AP–VS interval.
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) ist ein modernes Mehrträgermodulationsverfahren, das sich gut an die besonderen Eigenschaften eines Mobilfunkkanals mit zeitvarianter Mehrwegeausbreitung anpassen kann. Es eignet sich aufgrund seines Aufbaus vor allem für Breitbandübertragungen und wird in vielen aktuellen Funksystemen wie LTE, WLAN, DVB-T usw. eingesetzt. In DSL wird die Basisbandvariante von OFDM eingesetzt, die „Discrete Multitone Transmission (DMT)“ genannt wird. Viele Aussagen über OFDM lassen sich auch auf DMT übertragen.
Moduliert wird mit Hilfe der inversen Fouriertransformation, die viele Unterträger parallel verarbeitet und am Schluss aufsummiert. Dies hat den Nachteil einer hohen Signalfluktuation, die bei Verstärkern zu Problemen führt.
Reale Verstärker haben eine nichtlineare Verstärkungskennlinie mit einer maximalen Ausgangsamplitude. Wird diese überschritten, wird das Signal abgeschnitten (geclippt). Dies hat sowohl vermehrte Bitfehler aufgrund des Orthogonalitätsverlustets der Unterträgersignale zueinander zur Folge, als auch eine erhöhte Außerbandabstrahlung.
Eine mögliche Lösung besteht darin, die Aussteuerung des Verstärkers klein zu halten. Daraus resultieren jedoch erhöhte Kosten und eine verringerte Energieeffizienz. Man ist daher bemüht die Signalfluktuation möglichst gering zu halten. Eine Maßzahl für die Amplitudenschwankungen ist das Peak-to-Average-Power-Ratio (PAPR).
Um das PAPR zu senken, gibt es eine ganze Reihe unterschiedlicher Verfahren. In dieser Arbeit werden die gängigsten davon vorgestellt und das Interleavingverfahren, die Tone Reservations (TR) und das Active Constellation Expanding (ACE) genauer untersucht.
Cellular phone antennas are generally designed to have radiation patterns that are as omnidirectional as possible. Omnidirectional antennas allow a phone’s radio to work well for many orientations of the phone with respect to the cellular base station. Recent studies, however, are generating uncertainty about the health effects of prolonged exposure to electromagnetic (EM) radiation from cellular phones. In this paper, an antenna array is designed primarily to minimize users’ exposure to EM radiation. The antenna comprises a beamforming 4 by 3 array of microstrip patch antennas that is controlled by an accelerometer-only inertial navigation system. The proposed design reduces radiated power directed toward the user to below 10% of the total in the worst case.