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Cost effectiveness of preventive screening programmes for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Germany
(2010)
As in several other industrialized countries, Germany’s statutory health insurance (SHI) is facing rising healthcare costs as well as the challenges caused by a double-aging society. The early detection and prevention of chronic diseases is considered a possible way to reduce the impact of these developments. However, controversy surrounds the costs and effects in terms of medical and financial outcomes of such programmes.
Das Ingenieurbüro Evomotiv GmbH und die University of Applied Sciences Offenburg entwickeln seit Ende 2008 ein Antriebskonzept für leichte Stadtfahrzeuge. Ziel des Elektroantriebs ist die Serientauglichkeit der hochintegrierten, getriebelosen und eisenfreien Radnabenmotoren. Das Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie (BMWi) unterstützt das Projekt. Das Konzept des Radnabenmotors erhielt 2006 den Bosch—Innovationspreis und gewann 2008 den Shell-Eco-Marathon. Im Jahr 2011 wird Evomotiv mit seinen Partnern erste Prototypen auf der Straße testen.
The engineering company Evomotiv GmbH and the University of Applied Sciences Offenburg have developed a drive concept for light city scooters since 2008. The electrical drive train's goal is the series production of the highly-integrated, non-transmission and non-ferrous wheel-hub motor. The German Federal Ministry of Economy and Technology (BMWi) supports this project. The concept of this wheel-hub motor was awarded with the Bosch-Innovation prize in 2006. In 2011 Evomotiv will test the first prototypes with its cooperation partners on the track.
We present a novel fabrication route yielding Raney-platinum film electrodes intended as glucose oxidation anodes for potentially implantable fuel cells. Fabrication roots on thermal alloying of an extractable metal with bulk platinum at 200 °C for 48 h. In contrast to earlier works using carcinogenic nickel, we employ zinc as potentially biocompatible alloying partner. Microstructure analysis indicates that after removal of extractable zinc the porous Raney-platinum film (roughness factor ∼2700) consists predominantly of the Pt3Zn phase. Release of zinc during electrode operation can be expected to have no significant effect on physiological normal levels in blood and serum, which promises good biocompatibility. In contrast to previous anodes based on hydrogel-bound catalyst particles the novel anodes exhibit excellent resistance against hydrolytic and oxidative attack. Furthermore, they exhibit significantly lower polarization with up to approximately 100 mV more negative electrode potentials in the current density range relevant for fuel cell operation. The anodes’ amenability to surface modification with protective polymers is demonstrated by the exemplary application of an approximately 300 nm thin Nafion coating. This had only a marginal effect on the anode long-term stability and amino acid tolerance. While in physiological glucose solution after approximately 100 h of operation gradually increasing performance degradation occurs, rapid electrode polarization within 24 h is observed in artificial tissue fluid. Optimization approaches may include catalyst enhancement by adatom surface modification and the application of specifically designed protective polymers with controlled charge and mesh size.
We report the fabrication and characterization of glucose-tolerant Raney-platinum cathodes for oxygen reduction in potentially implantable glucose fuel. Fabricated by extraction of aluminum from 1 μm thin platinum–aluminum bi-layers annealed at 300 °C, the novel cathodes show excellent resistance against hydrolytic and oxidative attack. This renders them superior over previous cathodes fabricated from hydrogel-bound catalyst particles. Annealing times of 60, 120, and 240 min result in approximately 400–550 nm thin porous films (roughness factors ∼100–150), which contain platinum and aluminum in a ratio of ∼9:1. Aluminum release during electrode operation can be expected to have no significant effect on physiological normal levels, which promises good biocompatibility. Annealing time has a distinct influence on the density of trenches formed in the cathode. Higher trench densities lead to lower electrode potentials in the presence of glucose. This suggests that glucose sensitivity is governed by mixed potential formation resulting from oxygen depletion within the trenches. During performance characterization the diffusion resistance to be expected from tissue capsule formation upon electrode implantation was taken into account by placing a membrane in front of the cathode. Despite the resulting limited oxygen supply, cathodes prepared by annealing for 60 min show more positive electrode potentials than previous cathodes fabricated from hydrogel-bound activated carbon. Compared to operation in phosphate buffered saline containing 3.0 mM glucose, a potential loss of approximately 120 mV occurs in artificial tissue fluid. This can be reduced to approximately 90 mV with a protective Nafion layer that is easily electro-coated onto the Raney-platinum film.
Längst kein Auslaufmodell
(2010)
In dem Aufsatz geht es um Arbeitszeugnisse. Im Titelthema der Ausgabe 06/2010 hat sich die Personalwirtschaft kritisch mit der Rechtslage und der Praxis rund um die Ausstellung von Arbeitszeugnissen auseinander gesetzt. „Das Papier nicht wert“ war damals die provokante Überschrift. Ein zu hartes Urteil, wie der Autor von der Hochschule Offenburg findet.
Phishing im Emissionshandel
(2010)
OLG Hamm "Abmahnfalle WAP"
(2010)
LG Mannheim "Abofallen"
(2010)
EuGH "sunrise period"
(2010)
EuGH "Millionen-Chance"
(2010)
EuGH "Bananabay"
(2010)
Using guideline parameters for indication of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), only about two thirds of the patients improve clinically. Unfortunately both, surface ECG and echo are uncertain to predict CRT response. To better characterize cardiac desynchronization in heart failure, interventricular (IVCD) and intra-leftventricular conduction delays (ILVCD) were measured by esophageal left ventricular electrogram (LVE). Recordings in 43 CRT patients (34m, 9f, age: 64.7 ± 9.5yrs) evidenced only weak correlation between IVCD and QRS of 0.53 and between ILVCD and QRS of 0.33. This demonstrated that QRS duration is not a reliable indicator of desynchronization. Therefore, the study resulted into development of LVE feature for a programmer with implant support device. It can be used interoperatively to guide the left ventricular electrode location in order to increase responder rate in CRT.
BGH "Schubladenverfügung"
(2010)
BGH "Partnerprogramm"
(2010)
BGH "marions-kochbuch.de"
(2010)