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Critical theory and philosophy across many fields in the humanities has become awash with what has been characterised as ‘the material turn’. This material turn, which seems to involve varying combinations of what is known as Object Orientated Ontology (Harman), Actor-Network Theory (Latour), process philosophy (Whitehead), speculative realism (Bryant), or agential realism (Barad), emphasises some move toward a posthuman understanding of what the world is, and our relation to it.
Die in diesem Aufsatz angesprochenen drei Skype-Performances, die wir im Zeitraum von 2010 bis 2013 durchgeführt haben, fokussieren nicht auf die trennenden Momente der handelnden Subjekte und ihrer Medien, sondern verfolgen eine radikal verkörperte, techno-ökologische Sichtweise. Im Kern untersuchen wir erweiterte Phänotypen , die durch das fortlaufende Parasitiert-Werden unserer Organismen durch die elektronischen Kanäle entstehen. So gesehen verbinden sich via Skype keine getrennten Personen und Orte, sie bilden vielmehr über die Präsenzerfahrung u.a. von Stimme, Haut und Rhythmus eine gemeinsame Umwelt und öffnen temporär einen ‚Dritten Raum‘ bzw. einen ‚Dritten Körper‘. Mensch, Maschine und Umwelt entwickeln durch die Medialisierung eine emergente Bezogenheit organischer und anorganischer Milieus, eine taktil/haptisch-mediale, verkörperte Ökologie. Das ist eine zentrale Annahme unserer Versuchsreihen.
The Advanced Innovation Design Approach is a holistic methodology for enhancing innovative and competitive capability of industrial companies. AIDA can be considered as an open mindset, an individually adaptable range of strongest innovation techniques such as comprehensive front-end innovation process, advanced innovation methods, best tools and methods of the TRIZ methodology, organizational measures for accelerating innovation, IT-solutions for Computer-Aided Innovation, and other innovation methods, elaborated in the recent decade in the industry and academia
The European TRIZ Association ETRIA acts as a connecting link between scientific institutions, universities and other educational organizations, industrial companies and individuals concerned with conceptual and practical questions relating to organization of innovation process, invention methods, and innovation knowledge. In the meantime, more than TFC 1000 papers or presentation of scientists, educators, and practitioners from all over the world are available at the official ETRIA website. Numerous research projects were supported or funded by the European Commission.
Produkt-Controlling
(2017)
Zentraler Baustein des Marketing ist die „facettenreiche“ Produktpolitik. Im nachstehenden Beitrag wird zunächst die Einordnung der Produktpolitik in den Zielkatalog des Marketing und des Unternehmens skizziert. Das Produkt-Controlling wird verstanden als zielgerichtete Unterstützung der Managementaufgaben im Kontext der Produktpolitik mittels passender Instrumente – Instrumente, die der Phase der Produktentstehung wie der Marktzyklusphase zuzuordnen sind. Erkennbar wird: es gibt ein umfangreiches Set an Methoden, die das Marketing-Management unterstützen und die Sicherstellung der Marketing-Effektivität und Marketing-Effizienz gewährleisten. Die Komplexität des Produkt-Controllings bedingt sich auch durch den ausreichenden Einbezug preis-, qualitäts- und markenpolitischer Informationen in die Zielkontrolle.
Computing Aggregates on Autonomous, Self-organizing Multi-Agent System: Application "Smart Grid"
(2017)
Decentralized data aggregation plays an important role in estimating the state of the smart grid, allowing the determination of meaningful system-wide measures (such as the current power generation, consumption, etc.) to balance the power in the grid environment. Data aggregation is often practicable if the aggregation is performed effectively. However, many existing approaches are lacking in terms of fault-tolerance. We present an approach to construct a robust self-organizing overlay by exploiting the heterogeneous characteristics of the nodes and interlinking the most reliable nodes to form an stable unstructured overlay. The network structure can recover from random state perturbations in finite time and tolerates substantial message loss. Our approach is inspired from biological and sociological self-organizing mechanisms.
With increasing flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices in operation, like the most versatile unified power flow controller (UPFC), the AC/DC transmission flexibility and power system stability have been suffering unprecedented challenge. This paper introduces the user-defined modeling (UDM) method into the UPFC dynamic modeling process, to deal with the challenging requirements of power system operation. This has also been verified using a leading-edge stability analysis software named DSATools TM in the IEEE-39 bus benchmark system. The characteristics of steady-state and dynamic responses are compared and analyzed under different conditions. Furthermore, simulation results prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed UPFC in terms of both the independent regulation of power flow and the improvement of transient stability.
Process engineering focuses on the design, operation, control and optimization of chemical, physical and biological processes and has applications in many industries. Process Intensification is the key development approach in the modern process engineering. The proposed Advanced Innovation Design Approach (AIDA) combines the holistic innovation process with the systematic analytical and problem solving tools of the theory of inventive problem solving TRIZ. The present paper conceptualizes the AIDA application in the field of process engineering and especially in combination with the Process Intensification. It defines the AIDA innovation algorithm for process engineering and describes process mapping, problem ranking, and concept design techniques. The approach has been validated in several industrial case studies. The presented research work is a part of the European project “Intensified by Design® platform for the intensification of processes involving solids handling”.
The collection of selected papers of the TRIZ Future Conference 2017 is in open access and is included to the Innovator, the journal of the European TRIZ Assocation.
The paper is addressing the needs of the universities regarding qualification of students as future R&D specialists in efficient techniques for successfully running innovation process. In comparison with the engineers, the students often demonstrate lower motivation in learning systematic inventive techniques, like for example TRIZ methodology, and prefer random brainstorming for idea generation. The quality of obtained solutions also depends on the level of completeness of the problem analysis, which is more complex and time consuming in the case of interdisciplinary systems. The paper briefly describes one-semester-course of 60 hours in new product development with the Advanced Innovation Design Approach and TRIZ methodology, in which a typical industrial innovation process for one selected interdisciplinary mechatronic product is modelled.
In the course of the last few years, our students are becoming increasingly unhappy. Sometimes they stop attending lectures and even seem not to know how to behave correctly. It feels like they are getting on strike. Consequently, drop-out rates are sky-rocketing. The lecturers/professors are not happy either, adopting an “I-don’t-care” attitude.
An interdisciplinary, international team set in to find out: (1) What are the students unhappy about? Why is it becoming so difficult for them to cope? (2) What does the “I-don’t-care” attitude of professors actually mean? What do they care or not care about? (3) How far do the views of the parties correlate? Could some kind of mutual understanding be achieved?
The findings indicate that, at least at our universities, there is rather a long way to go from “Engineering versus Pedagogy” to “Engineering Pedagogy”.
We present a two-dimensional (2D) planar chromatographic separation method for phytoestrogenic active compounds on RP-18 W (Merck, 1.14296) phase. It could be shown that an ethanolic extract of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) roots contains four phytoestrogenic active compounds. As solvent, in the first direction, the mix of hexane, ethyl acetate, and acetone (45:15:10, v/v) was used, and, in the second direction, that of acetone and water (15:10, v/v) was used. After separation, a modified yeast estrogen screen (YES) test was applied, using the yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae BJ3505. The test strain (according to McDonnell) contains the estrogen receptor. Its activation by estrogen active compounds is measured by inducing the reporter gene lacZ which encodes the enzyme β-galactosidase. This enzyme activity is determined on plate by using the fluorescent substrate MUG (4-methylumbelliferyl-β-d-galactopyranoside). The enzyme can also hydrolyse X-β-Gal (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-β-d-galactopyranosid) into β-galactose and 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl. The indoxyl compound is oxidized by oxygen forming the deep-blue dye 5,5β-dibromo-4,4β-dichloro-indigo which allows to detect phytoestrogenic activity more specific in the presence of native fluorescing compounds.
Viele hochbeanspruchte Bauteile müssen zur Erfüllung ihres konstruktiven Zwecks mit Durchdringungskerben versehen werden. Infolge der gegenseitigen Wechselwirkung gelten für die Kerbwirkung dieser Art von Mehrfachkerben andere Gesetzmäßigkeiten als bei Einzelkerben. Die Weiterentwicklung der Lehre von der Tragfähigkeitsberechnung höchstbeanspruchter Maschinenelemente macht es notwendig, sich mit der Durchdringungskerbwirkung eingehend zu befassen. Thum und Svenson [1] entwickelten im Jahr 1949 ein Näherungsverfahren zur Abschätzung der Formzahl an einem zugbelasteten Stab mit Durchdringungskerben. In vielen Lehrbüchern findet dieses Verfahren Anwendung. Aus heutiger Sicht erscheint die Eignung der aus diesem Ansatz erzielten Ergebnisse als dringend überprüfungswürdig. Das thum’sche Verfahren wird unter die Lupe genommen. Der hier vorliegende Beitrag präsentiert mit Hilfe der Finiten-Elemente-Methode (FEM) neue Untersuchungsergebnisse an zugbeanspruchten Stäben mit Halbkreisnut und überlagerter Querbohrung. Diese ergaben, dass die Berechnung nach [1] Lücken aufweist. Ihr Ansatz stellt für den heutigen Entwicklungsstand eine mit zu großen Abweichungen behaftete Näherungshypothese dar.
Comparison of Time Warping Algorithms for Rail Vehicle Velocity Estimation in Low Speed Scenarios
(2017)
Cellular phone antennas are generally designed to have radiation patterns that are as omnidirectional as possible. Omnidirectional antennas allow a phone’s radio to work well for many orientations of the phone with respect to the cellular base station. Recent studies, however, are generating uncertainty about the health effects of prolonged exposure to electromagnetic (EM) radiation from cellular phones. In this paper, an antenna array is designed primarily to minimize users’ exposure to EM radiation. The antenna comprises a beamforming 4 by 3 array of microstrip patch antennas that is controlled by an accelerometer-only inertial navigation system. The proposed design reduces radiated power directed toward the user to below 10% of the total in the worst case.
Background: The electrical field (E-field) of the biventricular (BV) stimulation is important for the success of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with cardiac insufficiency and widened QRS complex. The 3D modeling allows the simulation of CRT and high frequency (HF) ablation.
Purpose: The aim of the study was to model different pacing and ablation electrodes and to integrate them into a heart model for the static and dynamic simulation of atrial and BV stimulation and high frequency (HF) ablation in atrial fibrillation (AF).
Methods: The modeling and simulation was carried out using the electromagnetic simulation software CST (CST Darmstadt). Five multipolar left ventricular (LV) electrodes, one epicardial LV electrode, four bipolar right atrial (RA) electrodes, two right ventricular (RV) electrodes and one HF ablation catheter were modeled. Selected electrodes were integrated into the Offenburg heart rhythm model for the electrical field simulation. The simulation of an AV node ablation at CRT was performed with RA, RV and LV electrodes and integrated ablation catheter with an 8 mm gold tip.
Results: The right atrial stimulation was performed with an amplitude of 1.5 V with a pulse width of 0.5. The far-field potentials generated by the atrial stimulation were perceived by the right and left ventricular electrode. The far-field potential at a distance of 1 mm from the right ventricular electrode tip was 36.1 mV. The far-field potential at a distance of 1 mm from the left ventricular electrode tip was measured with 37.1 mV. The RV and LV stimulation were performed simultaneously at amplitude of 3 V at the LV electrode and 1 V at the RV electrode with a pulse width of 0.5 ms each. The far-field potentials generated by the BV stimulations could be perceived by the RA electrode. The far-field potential at the RA electrode tip was 32.86 mV. AV node ablation was simulated with an applied power of 5 W at 420 kHz and 10 W at 500 kHz at the distal 8 mm ablation electrode.
Conclusions: Virtual heart and electrode models as well as the simulations of electrical fields and temperature profiles allow the static and dynamic simulation of atrial synchronous BV stimulation and HF ablation at AF. The 3D simulation of the electrical field and temperature profile may be used to optimize the CRT and AF ablation.
Three real-lab trigeneration microgrids are investigated in non-residential environments (educational, office/administrational, companies/production) with a special focus on domain-specific load characteristics. For accurate load forecasting on such a local level, à priori information on scheduled events have been combined with statistical insight from historical load data (capturing information on not explicitly-known consumer behavior). The load forecasts are then used as data input for (predictive) energy management systems that are implemented in the trigeneration microgrids. In real-world applications, these energy management systems must especially be able to carry out a number of safety and maintenance operations on components such as the battery (e.g. gassing) or CHP unit (e.g. regular test runs). Therefore, energy management systems should combine heuristics with advanced predictive optimization methods. Reducing the effort in IT infrastructure the main and safety relevant management process steps are done on site using a Smart & Local Energy Controller (SLEC) assisted by locally measured signals or operator given information as default and external inputs for any advanced optimization. Heuristic aspects for local fine adjustment of energy flows are presented.
In der genossenschaftlichen FinanzGruppe werden neben Verbundunternehmen wie zum Beispiel der DZ Bank rund 45 bis 50 Genossenschaftsbanken von der künftigen Berichtspflicht nach der sogenannten CSR-Richtlinie betroffen sein. Dieser Artikel gibt Hinweise zu Auswirkungen der neuen Gesetzeslage, aber auch zu Chancen und Potenzialen. Diskutiert wird insbesondere, was das neue Gesetz bzw. der Regierungsentwurf von 2016 besagt, und was die Vorgaben konkret für Genossenschaftsbanken bedeuten. Der Beitrag diskutiert zudem Synergien, Chancen und Potenziale: Das Thema Nachhaltigkeit kann wertvolle Impulse für eine zielgerichtete Weiterentwicklung des eigenen Geschäftsmodells bieten, beispielsweise wie neue Kundengruppen und/oder neue Ertragspotenziale mit Hilfe von neuen Produkten beziehungsweise Geschäftsfeldern erschlossen werden können.
Im Jahr 1504 verlor der deutsche Ritter Gottfried („Götz“) von Berlichingen seine
rechte Hand. Schon während seiner Genesung dachte er daran, die Hand zu ersetzen,
und beauftragte bald darauf die erste Handprothese, die sogenannte „Eiserne Hand“.
Jahre später wurde die aufwändigere zweite „Eiserne Hand“ gebaut. Wir haben die erste
Prothese auf der Basis früherer Literaturdaten von
Quasigroch (1982) mit Hilfe von 3-D
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) rekonstruiert. Dazu mussten einige Abmessungen angepasst
und ein paar Annahmen für das CAD-Modell gemacht werden. Die historische passive
Prothese des Götz von Berlichingen ist für die moderne Neuroprothetik interessant, da sie
eine Alternative zu komplexen invasiven Brain-Machine-Interface-Konzepten darstellen
könnte, wo diese Konzepte nicht notwendig, möglich oder vom Patienten gewünscht sind.
Streustrahlung in der Ultraschall-Computertomographie zur Verifizierung der Echtheit von Perlen
(2017)
This paper describes a new analysis method developed to distinguish real from fake
pearls using non-ionizing, non-destructive ultrasound computed tomography (USCT): In the USCT Shepp-Logan-filtered time-of-flight image, a fake pearl shows irregular, asymmetric
scattering of ultrasound, whereas the pattern in a natural pearl is regular and symmetric.
We strongly assume that pattern recognition of the scattering of ultrasound cannot only
play an important role in verifying pearls, but also in testing other materials and tissues in
(bio-)medical engineering. Furthermore, and most importantly, this new approach could
be helpful for a variety of clinical diagnoses using high-resolution 3D-USCT, such as the
detection of X-ray-negative micro-calcifications in early breast cancer. Moreover looking
at scattering patterns in dedicated positron emission tomography systems may promote
new developments in nuclear medicine diagnostics.
eLetter zum Artikel "How hair can reveal a history" von Hanae Armitage & Nala Rogers, veröffentlicht in Science, Vol. 351, Issue 6278, Seite 1134 (doi.org/10.1126/science.351.6278.1134)
eLetter zum Artikel "Hybrid EEG/EOG-based brain/neural hand exoskeleton restores fully independent daily living activities after quadriplegia" von Surjo R. Soekadar et al., veröffentlicht in Science Robotics, Vol. 1, No. 1 (DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.aag3296)
The electrical field (E-field) of the biventricular (BV) stimulation is important for the success of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with cardiac insufficiency and widened QRS complex.
The aim of the study was to model different pacing and ablation electrodes and to integrate them into a heart model for the static and dynamic simulation of BV stimulation and HF ablation in atrial fibrillation (AF).
The modeling and simulation was carried out using the electromagnetic simulation software CST. Five multipolar left ventricular (LV) electrodes, four bipolar right atrial (RA) electrodes, two right ventricular (RV) electrodes and one HF ablation catheter were modelled. A selection were integrated into the heart rhythm model (Schalk, Offenburg) for the electrical field simulation. The simulation of an AV node ablation at CRT was performed with RA, RV and LV electrodes and integrated ablation catheter with an 8 mm gold tip.
The BV stimulation were performed simultaneously at amplitude of 3 V at the LV electrode and 1 V at the RV electrode with a pulse width of 0.5 ms each. The far-field potential at the RA electrode tip was 32.86 mV and 185.97 mV at a distance of 1 mm from the RA electrode tip. AV node ablation was simulated with an applied power of 5 W at 420 kHz at the distal ablation electrode. The temperature at the catheter tip was 103.87 °C after 5 s ablation time and 37.61 °C at a distance of 2 mm inside the myocardium. After 15 s, the temperature was 118.42 °C and 42.13 °C.
Virtual heart and electrode models as well as the simulations of electrical fields and temperature profiles allow the static and dynamic simulation of atrial synchronous BV stimulation and HF ablation at AF and could be used to optimize the CRT and AF ablation.
Spectral analysis of signal averaging electrocardiography in atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias
(2017)
Background: Targeting complex fractionated atrial electrograms detected by automated algorithms during ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation has produced conflicting outcomes in previous electrophysiological studies. The aim of the investigation was to evaluate atrial and ventricular high frequency fractionated electrical signals with signal averaging technique.
Methods: Signal averaging electrocardiography (ECG) allows high resolution ECG technique to eliminate interference noise signals in the recorded ECG. The algorithm uses automatic ECG trigger function for signal averaged transthoracic, transesophageal and intracardiac ECG signals with novel LabVIEW software (National Instruments, Austin, Texas, USA). For spectral analysis we used fast fourier transformation in combination with spectro-temporal mapping and wavelet transformation for evaluation of detailed information about the frequency and intensity of high frequency atrial and ventricular signals.
Results: Spectral-temporal mapping and wavelet transformation of the signal averaged ECG allowed the evaluation of high frequency fractionated atrial signals in patients with atrial fibrillation and high frequency ventricular signals in patients with ventricular tachycardia. The analysis in the time domain evaluated fractionated atrial signals at the end of the signal averaged P-wave and fractionated ventricular signals at the end of the QRS complex. The analysis in the frequency domain evaluated high frequency fractionated atrial signals during the P-wave and high frequency fractionated ventricular signals during QRS complex. The combination of analysis in the time and frequency domain allowed the evaluation of fractionated signals during atrial and ventricular conduction.
Conclusions: Spectral analysis of signal averaging electrocardiography with novel LabVIEW software can utilized to evaluate atrial and ventricular conduction delays in patients with atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. Complex fractionated atrial electrograms may be useful parameters to evaluate electrical cardiac arrhythmogenic signals in atrial fibrillation ablation.
Heart rhythm model and simulation of electrophysiological studies and high-frequency ablations
(2017)
Background: Target of the study was to create an accurate anatomic CAD heart rhythm model, and to show its usefulness for cardiac electrophysiological studies and high-frequency ablations. The method is more careful for the patients’ health and has the potential to replace clinical studies due to its high efficiency regarding time and costs.
Methods: All natural heart components of the new HRM were based on MRI records, which guaranteed electronic functionality. The software CST was used for the construction, while CST’s material library assured genuine tissue properties. It should be applicable to simulate different heart rhythm diseases as well as various diffusions of electromagnetic fields, caused by electrophysiological conduction, inside the heart tissue.
Results: It was achievable to simulate sinus rhythm and fourteen different heart rhythm disturbance with different atrial and ventricular conduction delays. The simulated biological excitation of healthy and sick HRM were plotted by simulated electrodes of four polar right atrial catheter, six polar His bundle catheter, ten polar coronary sinus catheter, four polar ablation catheter and eight polar transesophageal left cardiac catheter. Accordingly, six variables were rebuilt and inserted into the anatomic HRM in order to establish heart catheters for ECG monitoring and HF ablation. The HF ablation catheters made it possible to simulate various types of heart rhythm disturbance ablations with different HF ablation catheters and also showed a functional visualisation of tissue heating. The use of tetrahedral meshing HRM made it attainable to store the results faster accompanied by a higher degree of space saving. The smart meshing function reduced unnecessary high resolutions for coarse structures.
Conclusions: The new HRM for EPS simulation may be additional useful for simulation of heart rhythm disturbance, cardiac pacing, HF ablation and for locating and identification of complex fractioned signals within the atrium during atrial fibrillation HF ablation.
The building sector is one of the main consumers of energy. Therefore, heating and cooling concepts for renewable energy sources become increasingly important. For this purpose, low-temperature systems such as thermo-active building systems (TABS) are particularly suitable. This paper presents results of the use of a novel adaptive and predictive computation method, based on multiple linear regression (AMLR) for the control of TABS in a passive seminar building. Detailed comparisons are shown between the standard TABS and AMLR strategies over a period of nine months each. In addition to the reduction of thermal energy use by approx. 26% and a significant reduction of the TABS pump operation time, this paper focuses on investment savings in a passive seminar building through the use of the AMLR strategy. This includes the reduction of peak power of the chilled beams (auxiliary system) as well as a simplification of the TABS hydronic circuit and the saving of an external temperature sensor. The AMLR proves its practicality by learning from the historical building operation, by dealing with forecasting errors and it is easy to integrate into a building automation system.
Entwicklung und Evaluierung eines adaptiv-prädiktiven Algorithmus für thermoaktive Bauteilsysteme
(2017)
Der Gebäudesektor ist einer der Hauptverbraucher von Energie und somit mitverantwortlich für einen wesentlichen Anteil an CO2-Emissionen. Heiz- und Kühlkonzepte, die erneuerbare Energiequellen nutzen können, gewinnen daher immer mehr an Bedeutung. Hierfür besonders geeignet sind Niedertemperatursysteme, wie beispielsweise Thermoaktive Bauteilsysteme (TABS). Die große thermische Trägheit und die geringe Leistung dieser Systeme verhindern eine schnelle Reaktion auf Raumtemperaturänderungen. Bisherige Steuer- und Regelstrategien für TABS können nur sehr schlecht mit der thermischen Trägheit umgehen, da diese in der Regel keine Prädiktionen verwenden. Hinzu kommt eine aufwändige Parametrierung dieser TABS-Strategien, was in der Praxis zu Inbetriebnahmephasen von oft mehreren Jahren führt. Die Möglichkeit TABS als einen Kurzzeitenergiespeicher für das durch die wachsende Einspeisung aus fluktuierenden erneuerbaren Energiequellen belastete Stromnetz nutzbar zu machen, spielt bei diesen Standard-TABS-Strategien bisher keine Rolle.
In dieser Arbeit wurde ein neuartiger Algorithmus für die Steuerung von TABS entwickelt, der hier durch die Abkürzung AMLR gekennzeichnet wird. Die AMLR nutzt Vorhersagen der Hauptstörgrößen einer TABS-Zone zur Berechnung eines innerhalb des nächsten Tages zuzuführenden Energiepaketes. Zu den Hauptstörgrößen zählen die tagesgemittelte Außentemperatur, die tagesgemittelte globale Einstrahlung sowie ein Belegungsplan jeder TABS-Zone. Die AMLR verwendet ein dynamisches und ein stationäres Widerstands-Kapazitäten(RC)-Modell mit einem Verzögerungsglied erster Ordnung (PT1). Das stationäre TABS- und Raummodell wird für eine Adaptionsfähigkeit und das dynamische Modell für die zeitdiskrete Berechnung von Leistungen genutzt. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Genauigkeit eines Modells mit PT1-Glied für die Steuerung von TABS ausreichend ist. Durch die Adaptionfähigkeit kann sich der Algorithmus automatisiert an unterschiedliche Gebäude, Standorte und Nutzungsprofile anpassen. Auf die Erstellung eines Gebäudemodells inklusive dessen technischer Gebäudeausrüstung (TGA), der Wärmelasten sowie der Wettereinflüsse kann somit verzichtet werden. Weiterhin können mit der AMLR mittlere Soll-Raumtemperaturen pro TABS-Zone vorgegeben werden, was bei Standard-TABS-Strategien nicht möglich ist. Dem Autor stehen als Testumgebungen zur Evaluierung der AMLR die Triple-Klimakammer des Instituts für Energiesystemtechnik (INES) der Hochschule Offenburg sowie zwei reale Gebäude und deren Simulationsmodelle zur Verfügung. Bei den Gebäuden handelt es sich um das in Basel befindliche IWB CityCenter sowie das Seminargebäude der Hochschule Offenburg.
Mit Hilfe der Triple-Klimakammer werden die verwendeten RC-Modelle sowie das TRNSYS-Simulationsmodell der Kammer selbst validiert. Durch den direkten Vergleich der AMLR zu Standard-TABS-Strategien kann in Model-in-the-Loop (MiL) Simulationen, Laborversuchen und Pilotanlagen gezeigt werden, dass die AMLR insbesondere dann thermische Energie einsparen kann, wenn es bei der Standardstrategie zu Überhitzungen im Heizfall und Unterkühlungen im Kühlfall kommt. Des Weiteren zeigen sich Energieeinsparpotenziale durch die Möglichkeit der zonenspezifischen Beladung der TABS. Anhand von Messdaten einer Pilotanlage kann eine Reduktion des thermischen TABS-Energiebedarfs von über 41 % belegt werden. In allen Testumgebungen kann eine Einsparung an Hilfsenergie von bis zu 86 % für die TABS-Pumpen bei gleichzeitiger Verbesserung des thermischen Komforts nachgewiesen werden. Neben Energieeinsparungen sind durch den Einsatz der AMLR Investitionseinsparungen durch eine vereinfachte TABS-Hydraulik möglich, da keine konstanten Vorlauftemperaturen notwendig sind. Weiterhin kann gezeigt werden, dass die Leistung eines Zusatzkühlsystems durch den Einsatz der AMLR im Vergleich zur Standard-TABS-Strategie reduziert werden kann, ohne den thermischen Komfort zu beeinträchtigen. Anhand von Simulationsrechnungen wird das Potenzial von TABS für Lastverschiebemaßnahmen quantifiziert. Durch die Verwendung der AMLR mit dynamischen Strompreisen ist im gezeigten Beispiel eine Einsparung an monetären Kosten von 38 % möglich. Weiterhin konnten Anfragen zur Abschaltung der Beladung der TABS zum Ausgleich fluktuierender erneuerbarer Energieerzeuger durch die AMLR unter Einhaltung des thermischen Komforts durchgeführt werden.
Polygeneration systems are a key technology for the reduction of primary energy usage and emissions. High costs, lack of flexibility and effort for parameterization hinder the wide usage of modeling tools during their conceptual design. This paper describes how planning tools can be structured for the conceptual design phase where only little information is available to the planner. A library concept was developed using the principles of object-oriented modeling to address the flexibility issue. With respect to cost and expandability, the open-source modeling language Modelica was chosen. Furthermore, easy-to-parameterize component models were developed. In addition to the improved library concept and novel component models, an easy-to-adapt control concept is proposed. The component models were validated and the applicability of the library was demonstrated by means of an example. It was shown that the data usually obtained from spec sheets are sufficient to parameterize the models. In addition to this, the control concept was approved.
Micro gas turbines (MGTs) are regarded as combined heat and power (CHP) units which offer high fuel utilization and low emissions. They are applied in decentralized energy neration.
To facilitate the planning process of energy systems, namely in the context of the increasing application of optimization techniques, there is a need for easy-to-parametrize component models with sufficient accuracy which allow a fast computation. In this paper, a model is proposed where the non-linear part load characteristics of the MGT are linearized by means of physical insight of the working principles of turbomachinery. Further, it is shown that the model can be parametrized by the data usually available in spec sheets. With this model a uniform description of MGTs from several manufacturers
covering an electrical power range from 30kW to 333kW can be obtained. The MGT model was
implemented by means of Modelica/Dymola. The resulting MGT system model, comprising further heat exchangers and hydraulic components, was validated using the experimental data of a 65kW MGT from a trigeneration energy system.
Schriftliche Stellungnahme Lankau zu:
a) Dringlicher Antrag der Fraktion der FDP betreffend Hessen 4.0 – Agenda Digitales Hessen (Drucksache 19/4111)
b) Großen Anfrage der Abg. Eckert, Barth, Decker, Degen, Faeser, Frankenberger, Geis, Gremmels, Grüger, Lotz, Dr. Sommer, Weiß (SPD) und Fraktion betreffend Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung auf Arbeit und Wirtschaft in Hessen (Drucksache 19/2896) und
c) Antwort der Landesregierung auf die Große Anfrage der Abg. Eckert, Barth, Decker, Degen, Faeser, Frankenberger, Geis, Gremmels, Grüger, Lotz, Dr. Sommer, Weiß (SPD) und Fraktion betreffend Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung auf Arbeit und Wirtschaft in Hessen (Drucksache 19/4357)
Das Thema des Forschungsprojekts ist Digitaltechnik im Spannungsfeld von Freiheitsversprechen und Totalüberwachung. Das Projekt „futur iii“ ist nicht nur der Name, sondern zugleich der Logo und URL für Publikationen.
Dieses Projekt wird im intensiven Dialog und z.T. in Kooperationen mit Kolleginnen und Kollegen verschiedener Hochschulen und Bildungseinrichtungen realisiert. Das übergreifende Thema ist bereits seit dem letzten Forschungssemester 2010 die Veränderung des Web durch Kommerzialisierung und Monopolisierung sowie die kritisch-reflektierende Auseinandersetzung mit Digitaltechnik bzw. Geräten und Diensten unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der konkreten Technikfolgeabschätzung (TA) für den Einsatz digitaler Bildschirmmedien und -dienste im Kontext von Lehre und Lernen.
In this paper we present the implementation of a model-predictive controller (MPC) for real-time control of a cable-robot-based motion simulator. The controller computes control inputs such that a desired acceleration and angular velocity at a defined point in simulator’s cabin are tracked while satisfying constraints imposed by working space and allowed cable forces of the robot. In order to fully use the simulator capabilities, we propose an approach that includes the motion platform actuation in the MPC model. The tracking performance and computation time of the algorithm are investigated in computer simulations. Furthermore, for motion simulation scenarios where the reference trajectories are not known beforehand, we derive an estimate on how much motion simulation fidelity can maximally be improved by any reference prediction scheme compared to the case when no prediction scheme is applied.
Radiation is an important means of heat transfer inside an electric arc furnace (EAF).
To gain insight into the complex processes of heat transfer inside the EAF vessel, not only radiation from the surfaces but also emission and absorption of the gas phase and the dust cloud need to be considered.
Furthermore, the radiative heat exchange depends on the geometrical configuration which is continuously changing throughout the process.
The present paper introduces a system model of the EAF which takes into account the radiative heat transfer between the surfaces
and the participating medium. This is attained by the development of a simplified geometrical model,
the use of a weighted-sum-of-gray-gases model, and a simplified consideration of dust radiation.
The simulation results were compared with the data of real EAF plants available in literature.