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The invention relates to a container (1) for a liquid medium (3), in particular a blood bag, comprising a flexible outer wall (5) and a device (13) connected to the container (1) for acquiring and/or storing data. According to the invention, the device (13) for acquiring and/or storing data is arranged within the flexible outer wall (5), wherein positioning means (15) are provided which hold the device (13) for acquiring and/or storing data in a floating manner in the liquid medium when the container (1) is filled with said liquid medium (3), and wherein the device (13) or the device (13) and the positioning means (15) are designed such that the mass of liquid medium (3) which is displaced in each case is essentially equal to the mass of the device (13) or to the mass of the device (13) and the positioning means (15).
The application relates to an electronic pill for dispensing a substance, in particular a drug, in a human or animal body in a controllable manner, said electronic pill having a housing (3) in which the substance (17) to be dispensed is accommodated and in which a dispensing opening (47) for dispensing the substance (17) is provided, wherein the substance (17) can be subjected to a predetermined pressure in order to be dispensed from the housing (3), having an electronic control unit (53, 59, 61, 63), and having a valve unit (33) which is arranged in the course of a dispensing path and can be moved from an open position to a closed position by the control unit (53, 59, 61, 63). In the housing (3), a throttle section (45) is provided in the course of the dispensing path for the substance (17) to be dispensed.
The authors present an abiotically catalyzed glucose fuel cell and demonstrate its application as energy harvesting power source for a cardiac pacemaker. This is enabled by an optimized DC-DC converter operating at 40 % conversion efficiency, which surpasses commercial low-power DC-DC converters. The required fuel cell surface area can thus be reduced from about 125 cm2 to 18 cm2, which would allow for its direct integration onto the pacemaker casing.
A new miniaturized capsule with 32bit processor and bidirectional communication system is being developed for multitask application. The capsule is designed to be a platform for medical assistant application inside the body. The processor core SIRIUS has been developed, simulated, synthesized to a netlist and verified. The designed telemetry unit is a synchronous bidirectional communication block using continuous phase DQPSK of 115 kHz low carrier frequency for inductive data transmission suited for human body energy transfer. The communication system can assist the electronic pill to trigger an actuator for drug delivery, to record temperature, or to measure pH of the body. The complete system is designed to fit small-size mass medical application with low power consumption, size of 7x25 mm. The system is designed, simulated, emulated on FPGA, and routed in AMIS Technology.
This paper presents an enhancement on QPSK modulation technique for near field communication (NFC). The enhanced modulation is based on continuous-phase QPSK with Gaussian filtering during switch from one phase to the other. Signal processing is done digitally with minimum external discrete components for air interface. The telemetry system can be used to assist a smart capsule (slave) that can be swallowed to establish data communication with external device (master). The system is designed, simulated, and emulated on FPGA showing 20 dB attenuation on side-lobes of the spectrum.
A platform of an electronic capsule is being developed for multi-task medical assistant application. It includes a near field telemetry unit for bidirectional communication system of 115 KHz low carrier frequency for inductive data transmission suited for human body energy transfer. The system triggers an actuator for drug delivery in various time and release forms via wireless external control, it has the ability to record temperature, measure pH of the body (additional sensors), and retrieve data to the outside. It consists of a 32bit processor, memory, external peripheries, and detection facility. The complete system is designed to fit small-size mass medical application with low power consumption, size of 7x25mm. The system is designed, simulated and emulated on FPGA. A final layout of the complete chip design is still under progress.
A new electronic capsule with bidirectional communication system is being developed for multi-task application. The capsule is designed to be a platform for medical assistant application inside the body. The designed telemetry unit is a synchronous bidirectional communication block using continuous phase DQPSK of 115 kHz low carrier frequency for inductive data transmission suited for human body energy transfer. The communication system can assist the electronic pill to trigger an actuator for drug delivery, to record temperature, or to measure pH of the body. It consists additionally to a 32bit processor, memory, external peripheries, and detection facility. The complete system is designed to fit small-size mass medical application with low power consumption, size of 7x25mm. The system is designed, simulated and emulated on FPGA. A final layout of the complete chip design is still under progress.
The Institute of Applied Research Offenburg is working in the field of autonomous data loggers since many years. In collaboration with industry, a new RFID based active sensor data logger for continuous recording of temperature has been developed and is now manufactured in mass production. Compared to existing systems, an unusual large data memory is integrated, which can be used via a simplified file system in a flexible way. The system will be used to accompany and monitor temperature sensitive goods of high value. The transponder is the first member of a new class of logging devices, the smallest will be not larger than a 2 Euro-coin with a fully integrated ASIC frontend.
Remote measurement of the physiology, so-called biotelemetry, is a key technology in the modern veterinary medicine. The usage of wireless implants has less impact on the behavior of animals than manual measurement methods and cause less disturbance than wired devices. But, common biotelemetry still uses proprietary communication and power concepts focused on small systems with one animal. Therefore, the University of Applied Sciences Offenburg is developing a low-cost RFID system called muTrans1, which is able to measure ECG, pressure, temperature, oxygen saturation and activity. The muTrans uses an own RFID sensor transponder and standardized commercial components and combines them to a scalable RFID system able to build-up RFID sensor networks with a nearly unlimited size.
In this paper, a complete passive transponder device has been discussed which is meant to monitor leakage in silicone breast implants. The passive tag operates in the HF frequency range of 13.56MHz using RFID ISO 15693 standard. The complete system consists of the transponder, reader and a PC. This paper focusses on the development of such a state of the art passive RFID transponder to monitor the wellness of the silicone breast implants periodically in order to detect leakage in the same. Keyword: RFID (Radio frequency identification device), EM (Electromagnetic) field, Passive Transponder, Silicone breast implants.
A new RFID/NFC (ISO 15693 standard) based inductively powered passive SoC (System on chip) for biomedical applications is presented here. The proposed SOC consists of an integrated 32 bit microcontroller, RFID/NFC frontend, sensor interface circuit, analog to digital converter and some peripherals such as timer, SPI interface and memory devices. An energy harvesting unit supplies the power required for the entire system for complete passive operation. The complete chip is realized on CMOS 0.18 μm technology with a chip area of 1.5 mm × 3.0 mm.
There are some existing Java benchmarks, application benchmarks as well as micro benchmarks or mixture both of them,such as: Java Grande, Spec98, CaffeMark, HBech, etc. But none of them deal with behaviors of multi tasks operating systems. As a result, the achieved outputs are not satisfied for performance evaluation engineers. Behaviors of multi tasks operating systems are based on a schedule management which is employed in these systems. Different processes can have different priority to share the same resources. The time is measured by estimating from applications started to it is finished does not reflect the real time value which the system need for running those programs. New approach to this problem should be done. Having said that, in this paper we present a new Java benchmark, named FHOJ benchmark, which directly deals with multi tasks behaviors of a system. Our study shows that in some cases, results from FHOJ benchmark are far more reliable in comparison with some existing Java benchmarks.
Mice and rats make up 95% of all animals used in medical research and drug discovery and development. Monitoring of physiological functions such as ECG, blood pressure, and body temperature over the entire period of an experiment is often required. Restraining of the animals in order to obtain this data can cause great inconvenience. The use of telemetric systems solves this problem and provides more reliable results. However, these devices are mostly equipped with batteries, which limit the time of operation or they use passive power supplies, which affects the operating range. The semi-passive telemetric implant being presented is based on RFID technology and overcomes these obstacles. The device is inductively powered using the magnetic field of a common RFID reader device underneath the cage, but is also able to operate for several hours autonomously. Being independent from the battery capacity, it is possible to use the implant over a long period of time or to re-use the device several times in different animals, thus avoiding the disadvantages of existing systems and reducing the costs of purchase and refurbishment.
Formal Description of Inductive Air Interfaces Using Thévenin's Theorem and Numerical Analysis
(2014)
With the development of new integrated circuits to interface radio frequency identification protocols, inductive air interfaces have become more and more important. Near field communication is not only able to communicate, but also possible to transfer power wirelessly and to build up passive devices for logistical and medical applications. In this way, the power management on the transponder becomes more and more relevant. A designer has to optimize power consumption as well as energy harvesting from the magnetic field. This paper discusses a model with simple equations to improve transponder antenna matching. Furthermore, a new numerical analysis technique is presented to calculate the coupling factors, inductions, and magnetic fields of multiantenna systems.
A new approach of continuous phase QPSK Band-Pass modulation technique is being developed as enhancement to the QPSK modulation scheme for inductive data transmission (NFC). The modulation is based on Gaussian filtering of the phase transition from one state to the other rather than discontinuity in phase shift. The carrier is based on low frequency 115 KHz suitable for human body energy penetration due to its large skin-depth and lower inductive power attenuation. The complete signal processing is done digitally, external coil and capacitor is used for transceiver interface. The telemetry assists a smart pill swallowed by human being to trigger an actuator for drug delivery, record temperature, or perform diagnostic task inside the body. The smart pill includes 32bit processor, 16 Kbyte memory, temperature sensor, telemetry unit, and additional external peripheries. The complete system is designed, embedded in one SoC, and realized on ASIC with chip-area less than 14 mm<sup>2</sup>.
A new, small, and optimized for low power processor core named SIRIUS has been developed, simulated, synthesized to a netlist and verified. From this netlist, containing only primitives like gates and flip-flops, a mapping to an ASIC - or FPGA technology can easily be done with existing synthesizer tools, allowing very complex SOC designs with several blocks. Emulation via FPGA can be done on already simple setups and cheap hardware because of the small core size. The performance is estimated 50 MIPS on Cyclone II FPGA and about 100 MIPS on a 0.35 CMOS 5M2P technology with 4197 primitives used for the core, including a 16 x 16 multiplier. An example design of the ASIC for an electronic ePille device currently in development is shown.