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Das Internet hat nicht nur neue Geschäftsmodelle in großer Zahl hervorgebracht, es ist auch bei der Erfindung neuer Werbeformen sehr kreativ. Neben die „klassische“ Bannerwerbung und die inzwischen auch schon intensiv weiter entwickelten Partnerprogramme (Affiliate-Marketing) treten in zunehmender Weise auch und gerade „getarnte“ Werbeformen, die mit Bezeichnungenwie „Stealth-Marketing“ schon vom Namen her für Furore sorgen sollen. Der Beitrag stellt einige dieser Werbeformen vor und beurteilt sie aus rechtlicher Sicht. Dabei erweisen sich diese Marketing-Varianten mitunter als nicht so neu wie ihre Anbieter behaupten.
3D Produktpräsentationen im Internet sind komplexe Rich Media Anwendungen, bei deren Erstellung es viel zu beachten gilt. Diese Arbeit beleuchtet verschiedene Aspekte zur Erstellung von 3D Produktpräsentationen. Das Zielmedium Internet, die Gestaltung von 3D Produkten und Layouts, die Interaktivität von 3D Produktseiten, Technologien zu Erstellung, technische Hürden des Mediums, Visionen und ein Projektablauf sowie eine Perspektive zur Entwicklung von 3D Produktpräsentationen sind die inhaltlichen Schwerpunkte der Arbeit.
5 Jahre OHRbits - Resümee und neue Ideen Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Untersuchung des privaten Rundfunks in kleinen Regionen wie der Ortenau, binnen der letzten 20 Jahre, gesondert der Privaten Rundfunkgesellschaft Ortenau KG. Hierzu wurden die Möglichkeiten von Kundenbindungsmassnahmen im Hörfunk, wie den seit fünf Jahren existierenden OHRbits, untersucht und deren Entwicklung, Stärken und Schwächen, untersucht. Um Konzepte für die Zukunft entwickeln zu können wurde eine Umfrage unter 800 Programmteilnehmern sowie einer Auswahl an Partnerunternehmen der OHRbits durchgeführt. Auf diesen Resultaten basierend wurden nun neue Konzepte entwickelt. Neben diesem Zweig wurden überregionale Systeme wie Payback oder Happy Digits untersucht und vorgestellt, sowie das OHRbits-System mit Systemen anderer Zeitungsverlage, verglichen, genauer mit der LeserPlus-Card der Mittelbadischen Presse, der BZCard der Badischen Zeitung, sowie der CleverKarte der Lüneburger Landeszeitung.
Uptakes of 9.2 mmol g−1 (40.5 wt %) for CO2 at 273 K/0.1 MPa and 15.23 mmol g−1 (3.07 wt %) for H2 at 77 K/0.1 MPa are among the highest reported for metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and are found for a novel, highly microporous copper‐based MOF (see picture; Cu turquoise, O red, N blue). Thermal analyses show a stability of the flexible framework up to 250 °C.
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as highly porous materials have gained increasing interest because of their distinct adsorption properties.1–3 They exhibit a high potential for applications in gas separation and storage,4 as sensors5 as well as in heterogeneous catalysis.6 In the last few years, the H2 storage capacity of MOFs has been considerably increased. Mesoporous MOFs show high adsorption capacities for CH4, CO2, and H2 at high pressures.2, 3, 7–10 To increase the uptake of H2 and CO2 by physisorption at ambient pressure, adsorbents with small micropores as well as high specific surface areas and micropore volumes are required.11, 12 Such microporous materials seem to be more appropriate for gas‐mixture separation by physisorption than mesoporous materials. For gas separation in MOFs the interactions between the fluid adsorptive and “open metal sites” (coordinatively unsaturated binding sites) or the ligands are regarded as important.13 Industrial processes, such as natural‐gas purification or biogas upgrading, can be improved with those materials during a vapor‐pressure swing adsorption cycle (VPSA cycle) or a temperature swing adsorption cycle (TSA cycle).14 The microporous MOF series CPO‐27‐M (M=Mg, Co, Ni, Zn), for example, shows very high CO2 uptakes at low pressures (<0.1 MPa).15, 16 Concerning H2 adsorption, the microporous MOF PCN‐12 offers with 3.05 wt % the highest uptake at ambient pressure and 77 K reported to date.17
Herein, we present a novel microporous copper‐based MOF equation image[Cu(Me‐4py‐trz‐ia)] (1; Me‐4py‐trz‐ia2−=5‐(3‐methyl‐5‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐yl)isophthalate) with extraordinarily high CO2 and H2 uptakes at ambient pressure, the H2 uptake being similar to that in PCN‐12. The ligand Me‐4py‐trz‐ia2−, which can be obtained from cheap starting materials by a three‐step synthesis in good yield, combines carboxylate, triazole, and pyridine functions and is adopted from a recently presented series of linkers,18 for which up to now only a few coordination polymers are known.
In large aircrafts the cabling is very complex and often causes reliability problems. This is specially true for modern In-flight Entertainment (IFE) systems, where every passenger can select a preferred movie, play computer games or be able to communicate with other travellers. Due to EMC problems, wireless communication systems (WiFi etc.) didn't succeed in solving these problems. In this paper an innovative communication system is proposed which perfectly supplements an aircraft IFE system. The key innovation of this system is to use structures that are essential parts of the airframe for data transfer, such as seat rails. Those rails consist of rectangular shapes and could easily be modified to fulfill the function of waveguides for microwaves. A waveguide as part of the seat rail would provide enormous benefits for aircrafts, such as a large bandwidth and consequently high data rates, no problems with EMC, unlimited flexibility of seat configuration, mechanical robustness with associated increase of reliability and a few additional advantages related to aircrafts such as reduction of weight and costs.
Synthesis and crystal structure of a novel copper-based MOF material are presented. The tetragonal crystal structure of [ ∞ 3 ( Cu 4 ( μ 4 -O ) ( μ 2 -OH ) 2 ( Me 2 trz p ba ) 4 ] possesses a calculated solvent-accessible pore volume of 57%. Besides the preparation of single crystals, synthesis routes to microcrystalline materials are reported. While PXRD measurements ensure the phase purity of the as-synthesized material, TD-PXRD measurements and coupled DTA–TG–MS analysis confirm the stability of the network up to 230 °C. The pore volume of the microcrystalline material determined by nitrogen adsorption at 77 K depends on the synthetic conditions applied. After synthesis in DMF/H2O/MeOH the pores are blocked for nitrogen, whereas they are accessible for nitrogen after synthesis in H2O/EtOH and subsequent MeOH Soxhleth extraction. The corresponding experimental pore volume was determined by nitrogen adsorption to be V Pore = 0.58 cm 3 g - 1 . In order to characterize the new material and to show its adsorption potential, comprehensive adsorption studies with different adsorptives such as nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, methanol and methane at different temperatures were carried out. Unusual adsorption–desorption isotherms with one or two hysteresis loops are found – a remarkable feature of the new flexible MOF material.
In this paper we suggest to combine the areas of media streaming services, mobile devices, and manufacturing processes to support monitoring, controlling and supervising production processes in order to achieve high levels of efficiency and environmentally friendly production. It contains a comprehensive and detailed explanation of the proposed E-Learning streaming framework, especially the adaption of streaming services to mobile environments. The key components of our approach are 1) an XML-based streaming service specification language, 2) adaption of multimedia E-Learning services to mobile environments, and 3) a media delivery platform for searching, registration, and creation of streaming services for mobile devices.
The separation of nitrogen and methane from hydrogen-rich mixtures is systematically investigated on a recently developed binder-free zeolite 5A. For this adsorbent, the present work provides a series of experimental data on adsorption isotherms and breakthrough curves of nitrogen and methane, as well as their mixtures in hydrogen. Isotherms were measured at temperatures of 283–313 K and pressures of up to 1.0 MPa. Breakthrough curves of CH4, N2, and CH4/N2 in H2 were obtained at temperatures of 300–305 K and pressures ranging from 0.1 to 6.05 MPa with different feed concentrations. An LDF-based model was developed to predict breakthrough curves using measured and calculated data as inputs. The number of parameters and the use of correlations were restricted to focus on the importance of measured values. For the given assumptions, the results show that the model predictions agree satisfactorily with the experiments under the different operating conditions applied.
In previous work we [1] and other authors (e.g. [2]) have shown that agent-based systems are successful in optimizing delivery plans of single logistics companies and are meanwhile successfully productive in industry. In this paper we show that agent-based systems are particularly useful to also optimize transport across logistics companies. In intercompany optimization, privacy is of major importance between the otherwise competing companies. Some data has to be treated strictly private like the cost model or the constraint model. Other data like order information has to be shared. However, typically the amount of orders released to other companies has also to be limited. We show that our agent-based approach can be easily fine tuned to trade off privacy against the benefit of cooperation.
The concept of m-learning which differs from other forms of e-learning covers a wide range of possibilities opened up by the convergence of new mobile technologies, wireless communication structure and distance learning development. This process of converging has launched some new goals to support m-learning where heterogeneity of devices, their operating systems (Linux, Windows, Symbian, Android etc) and supported markup languages (WML, XHTML etc), adaptive content, preferences or characteristics of user have become some of the major problems to be solved. To facilitate the learning process even more and to establish literally anytime anywhere learning, learning material/content should be available to the user always even if the user is in offline. Multiple devices used by the same user should also be synchronized among themselves and with server to provide updated learning content and to give a freedom to the user to choose any device as per his/her convenience. In this paper software architecture has been proposed to solve these problems and has been implemented by using a multidimensional flashcard learning system which synchronizes among all the devices that are being used by the user.
Die Ziele des Projekts waren die Einführung der Zellseparations-Technik „Feldfluss-Fraktionierung“ (FFF) zur Analyse und Fraktionierung von Hefezellen zur Weinherstellung, sowie deren Weiterentwicklung und Optimierung für den Praxiseinsatz, insbesondere Auswahl einer einfachen FFF-Variante, Vereinfachung und Kostenoptimierung, um ein für Weinbaubetriebe erschwingliches FFF-Gerät anbieten zu können. Des Weiteren sollten FFF-Techniken als online Überwachung während des Wein-Fermentationsprozesses untersucht werden. Zur Qualitätsüberwachung war es wünschenswert unerwünschte Veränderungen während des Fermentationsprozesses frühzeitig erkennen zu können, um dann zur Qualitätsoptimierung gezielte Maßnahmen gegen unerwünschte Veränderungen vornehmen zu können. Das Projekt war auch dafür gedacht als Modell-Charakter bzw. als Pilotprojekt für andere auf dem Gärungswege durch Mikroorganismen hergestellte Produkte im Lebensmittel- oder biotechnologischen Bereich zu dienen.
Introduction: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with biventricular (BV) pacing is an established therapy for heart failure (HF) patients with ventricular desynchronization and reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction. The aim of this study was to evaluate electrical ventricular desynchronization with transthoracic and transesophageal signal averaging electrocardiography in HF, to better select patients for CRT.
Methods: 13 HF patients (age 68 ± 10 years; 2 females, 11 males) with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class 2.8 ± 0.5, 28.6 ± 12.6 % LV ejection fraction and 155 ± 24 ms QRS duration (QRSD) were analysed with transthoracic and transesophageal electrocardiogram recording and novel National Intruments LabView 2009 signal averaging software. Esophageal TO Osypka catheter was perorally applied to the esophagus and placed in the position of maximum LV de-flection. The 0.05-Hz high-pass filtered surface electrocardiogram and the 10-Hz high-pass filtered bipolar transesophageal electrocardiogram were recorded with Bard EP-System and 1000-Hz sampling rate.
Results: Transesophageal LV electrogram recording was possible in all HF patients (n=13). Transesophageal interventricular conduction delay (IVCD) was 51 ± 19 ms and measured between the earliest onset of QRS in the 12-channel surface electrocardiogram and the onset of the LV deflection in the transesophageal electrocardiogram. Transesophageal intra-left ventricular delay (LVCD) was 90 ± 16 ms and measured between the onset and offset of the LV deflection in the transesophageal electrocardiogram. QRSD to transesophageal IVCD ratio was 3.43 ± 1.31 ms, QRSD to transesophageal LVCD ratio was 1.75 ± 0.28 ms and QRSD was evaluated between onset and offset of QRS signal in the 12-channel surface electrocardiogram.
Conclusion: Determination of IVCD, LVCD, QRSD-to-IVCD-ratio and QRSD-to-LVCD-ratio by transesophageal LV electrogram recording with LabView 2009 signal averaging technique may be useful parameters of ventricular desynchronisation to improve patient selection for CRT.
Introduction: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with biventricular (BV) pacing is an established therapy for heart failure (HF) patients with ventricular desynchronisation and reduced left ventricular (LV) function. The aim of this study was to evaluate preejection period (PEP) and left ventricular ejection time (LVET) with transthoracic signal averaging impedance and electrocardiography in HF patients with and without BV pacing.
Methods: 10 HF patients (age 68.9 ± 8 years; 2 females, 9 males) with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class 2,9 ± 0.5, 30.9 ± 10.5 % LV ejection fraction and 159.4 ± 22.9 ms QRS duration were analysed with transthoracic impedance and electrocardiography (Cardioscreen Medis, Ilmenau, Germany) and novel National Intruments LabView 2009 signal averaging software. One day after BV pacing device implantation, AV and VV delays were optimized by transthoracic impedance cardiography and stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) were gained by Cardioscreen.
Results: Transthoracic impedance and electrocardiography AV and VV delay opimization was possible in all HF patients with BV pacing devices (n= 10). PEP was 154 ± 24ms without BV pacing and measured between onset of QRS in the surface electrocardiogram and onset of ventricular deflection in the impedance cardiogram. LVET was 342 ± 65ms without BV pacing and measured between onset and offset of ventricular deflection in the impedance cardiogram. The use of optimal AV and VV delay BV pacing resulted in improvement of SV from 64.1 ± 26.5 ml to 94.1 ± 33.96 ml (P < 0.05) and CO from 4.05 ± 1.36 l/min to 6.44 ± 1.56 l/min (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: PEP and LVET may be useful parameters of ventricular Desynchronisation. AV and VV delay optimized BV pacing improve SV and CO. Impedance and electrocardiography with LabView 2009 signal averaging may be a simple and useful technique to optimize CRT.
Applied Information Technology opens Virtual Platform for the Legacy of Alexander von Humboldt
(2011)
The Humboldt Digital Library (HDL) is a project that aims to provide digital access to the legacy of Alexander von Humboldt. The HDL runs on an open source library developed in the Hochschule Offenburg and provides a virtual research environment in which researchers can work more effectively. This article presents the development made in the HDL to provide alternative ways of content dissemination through the OAI protocol.Through the implemtantion of the OAI-PMH data provider in the HDL, the library is accessibly in many universities and research centers everywhere around the globe.
Applying Annual Reports
(2011)
Erarbeitung von zwei unterschiedlichen Marken- und Werbekonzepten zur Ermittlung der Image- und Gestaltungswirkung. Eine einzigartige Werbemittelgestaltung, abgestimmt auf das Markenimage, die Zielgruppe und den Produktnutzen, ist für die Wirkung auf den Konsumierenden und damit den wirtschaftlichen Erfolg von hoher Bedeutung. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Bachelorarbeit wurde eine qualitative Untersuchung der Image- und Gestaltungswirkung auf den Konsumierenden durchgeführt. Theoretische Ansätze zum Thema Marken und Werbung in Verbindung mit psychologischen Erklärungen bilden dafür eine fundierte Basis. Als Untersuchungsobjekt fungieren zwei eigen kreierte Werbemittel, welche auf Basis theoretischer Grundlagen für das identische fiktive Produkt erstellt wurden. Bei dem Produkt handelt es sich um einen Energy-Drink, welcher eine junge dynamische Zielgruppe ansprechen soll. Dabei zeigen die teilweise gegensätzlich gestalteten Plakate auf, welche Techniken im Hinblick auf das Produkt sowie die vorher definierte Zielgruppe funktionieren und welche nicht.
Schulgebäude im Liegenschaftsbestand vieler Kommunen treten in den vergangenen Jahren immer stärker ins Interesse der Öffentlichkeit. Viele der Gebäude stammen aus den 70-er oder 80-er Jahren und stehen im Rahmen der Bestandserhaltung für Modernisierungsmaßnahmen an. Insbesondere die hohen Betriebskosten für die Heizung hatten bisher Maßnahmen für den winterlichen Wärmeschutz in den Vordergrund gestellt. Die verstärkt auftretenden sommerlichen Extremtemperaturen an Unterrichtstagen der vergangenen Jahre zeigen zudem einen Handlungsbedarf im Bereich des sommerlichen Wärmeschutzes auf. Für die Aufgaben des Gebäudemanagements und zur Umsetzung eines energieeffizienten Gebäudebetriebs zeigen sich immer stärker die Vorteile einer vielseitig einsetzbaren Gebäudeautomation, die über zentrale Stellen des FM (z.B. Technisches Rathaus) zugänglich ist.
Digital libraries are providing an increasing amount of data, which is normally structured in a classical way by documents and described by metadata as keywords. The data, even in scientific systems such as digital libraries and virtual research environments, will contain a great amount of noise or information unnecessary for our personal interests. Although there has been a lot of progress in the field of information retrieval, search techniques and other content finding methods, there is still much to be done in the field of information retrieval based on user behavior. This paper presents an approach deployed in the Humboldt Digital Library (HDL) to facilitate the retrieval of relevant information to the users of the system, making recommendations of paragraphs based on their profile and the behavior of other users who share similar profiles. The Humboldt digital library represents an innovative system of open access to the legacy of Alexander von Humboldt in a digital form on the Internet (www.avhumboldt.net). It contributes to the key question, how to present interconnected data in a proper form using information technologies.
BGH "Original Kanchipur"
(2011)
Das Team „Schluckspecht“ stellte sich im September 2010 einer besonderen Herausforderung. Neben der jährlichen Teilnahme am Shell Eco-Marathon ging das Team mit einem neu entwickelten Elektrofahrzeug an den Start der South Africa Solar Challenge. Für die Nutzung von Akkumulatoren als Energielieferant im Leichtfahrzeug „Schluckspecht E“ (im weiteren Verlauf als Batterien bezeichnet) wurde ein neues Strukturkonzept in Zusammenarbeit der Hochschule Offenburg mit dem Fraunhofer-Institut für Kurzzeitdynamik, Ernst-Mach-Institut, EMI entwickelt.
Jugendmarken wie Nintendo, Coca Cola, Nike und H&M haben es geschafft, sich bei den Jugendlichen zu etablieren und ihre Marke erfolgreich zu positionieren. Doch, wie schafft man es in der schnelllebigen Zeit von heute, eine erfolgreiche Jugendmarke zu werden und in den übersättigten Märken das Interesse bei den Jugendlichen zu wecken? Im ersten Teil der Bachelor-Arbeit soll deshalb der Frage nachgegangen werden, welche Kriterien eine Marke heutzutage erfüllen muss, um sich als erfolgreiche Jugendmarke etablieren zu können. In den Mittelpunkt rückt daher die Lebenswelt der Jugendlichen. Eine Zielgruppenanalyse soll ihren Alltag, ihre Bedürfnisse und ihre Werte durchleuchten und auf diese Weise Schlussfolgerungen für Eigenschaften und Faktoren für erfolgreiche Jugendmarken liefern. Aber auch auf Problematiken mit der jugendlichen Zielgruppe soll in der Arbeit eingegangen werden. Im zweiten Teil der Bachelor-Arbeit soll dieses Wissen auf ein fiktives Konzept für eine Jugendmarke reflektiert werden. Widerspiegeln soll sich dies in der Produktlinie, der Markenidentität und dem Kommunikationskonzept. Die Marke soll in das Interessengebiet der Jugendlichen von heute passen und sie in den Mittelpunkt stellen.
This work provides a series of methane adsorption isotherms and breakthrough curves on one 5A zeolite and one activated carbon. Breakthrough curves of CH4 were obtained from dynamic column measurements at different temperature and pressure conditions for concentrations of 4.4 – 17.3 mol.‐% in H2/CH4 mixtures. A simple model was developed to simulate the curves using measured and calculated data inputs. The results show that the model predictions agree very well with the experiments.
Campus Sommer 2011
(2011)
Campus Winter 2011/2012
(2011)
Introduction: To simplify AV delay (AVD) optimization in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), we reported that the hemodynamically optimal AVD for VDD and DDD mode CRT pacing can be approximated by individually measuring implant-related interatrial conduction intervals (IACT) in oesophageal electrogram (LAE) and adding about 50ms. The programmer-based St Jude QuickOpt algorithm is utilizing this finding. By automatically measuring IACT in VDD operation, it predicts the sensed AVD by adding either 30ms or 60ms. Paced AVD is strictly 50ms longer than sensed AVD. As consequence of those variations, several studies identified distinct inaccuracies of QuickOpt. Therefore, we aimed to seek for better approaches to automate AVD optimization.
Methods: In a study of 35 heart failure patients (27m, 8f, age: 67±8y) with Insync III Marquis CRT-D systems we recorded telemetric electrograms between left ventricular electrode and superior vena cava shock coil (LVtip/SVC = LVCE) simultaneously with LAE. By LVCE we measured intervals As-Pe in VDD and Ap-Pe in DDD operation between right atrial sense-event (As) or atrial stimulus (Ap), resp., and end of the atrial activity (Pe). As-Pe and Ap-Pe were compared with As-LA an Ap-LA in LAE, respectively.
Results: End of the left atrial activity in LVCE could clearly be recognized in 35/35 patients in VDD and 29/35 patients in DDD operation. We found mean intervals As-LA of 40.2±24.5ms and Ap-LA of 124.3±20.6ms. As-Pe was 94.8±24.1ms and Ap-Pe was 181.1±17.8ms. Analyzing the sums of As-LA + 50ms with duration of As-Pe and Ap-LA + 50ms with duration of Ap-Pe, the differences were 4.7±9.2ms and 4.2±8.6ms, resp., only. Thus, hemodynamically optimal timing of the ventricular stimulus can be triggered by automatically detecting Pe in LVCE.
Conclusion: Based on minimal deviations between LAE and LVCE approach, we proposed companies to utilize the LVCE in order to automate individual AVD optimization in CRT pacing.
In recent years, light-weight cryptography has received a lot of attention. Many primitives suitable for resource-restricted hardware platforms have been proposed. In this paper, we present a cryptanalysis of the new stream cipher A2U2 presented at IEEE RFID 2011 [9] that has a key length of 56 bit. We start by disproving and then repairing an extremely efficient attack presented by Chai et al. [8], showing that A2U2 can be broken in less than a second in the chosen-plaintext case. We then turn our attention to the more challenging known-plaintext case and propose a number of attacks. A guess-and-determine approach combined with algebraic cryptanalysis yields an attack that requires about 249 internal guesses. We also show how to determine the 5-bit counter key and how to reconstruct the 56-bit key in about 238 steps if the attacker can freely choose the IV. Furthermore, we investigate the possibility of exploiting the knowledge of a “noisy keystream” by solving a Max-PoSSo problem. We conclude that the cipher needs to be repaired and point out a number of simple measures that would prevent the above attacks.
Das Virtuelle Informatiklabor soll Schülern und Studierenden den übergroßen Respekt vor dem Fach Informatik nehmen und sie beim Lernen der Inhalte unterstützen. Zu diesem Zweck werden grundlegende Algorithmen der Informatik anhand konkreter Aufgabenstellungen in interaktiven Anwendungen behandelt, um den Lernenden das explorative Erkunden zu ermöglichen. Animationen sollen das Verstehen fördern, Experimente das eigenständige, durch vielfältige Hilfen unterstützte Anwenden und Umsetzen des Gelernten. Der erste Themenbereich im Virtuellen Informatiklabor umfasst die Rekursion, die in mehreren Anwendungen präsentiert wird.
The efficient support of Hardwae-In-theLoop (HIL) in the design process of hardwaresoftware-co-designed systems is an ongoing challenge. This paper presents a network-based integration of hardware elements into the softwarebased image processing tool „ADTF“, based on a high-performance Gigabit Ethernet MAC and a highly-efficient TCP/IP-stack. The MAC has been designed in VHDL. It was verified in a SystemCsimulation environment and tested on several Altera FPGAs.
In contrast to a conventional fuel cell the electrons in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) originate from the metabolic conversion of organic substrates by special bacteria instead of using molecular hydrogen. Recent research in our group has shown that the maximum electrical power density in a MFC correlates with the biomass concentration in batch MFC experiments. In continuous MFC systems additionally the dilution rate D could have an effect on the specific power density. Therefore two steady state conditions are adjusted and the resulting specific power densities, and the biomass and substrate concentrations were measured. These results were implemented in a mathematical description of the continuous MFC-process and the visualization of the model is presented.
The objective of this thesis is the quantification and qualification of neonicotinoid insecticides using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Neonicotinoids are a relatively new form of pesticides, which have been proven to be extremely lethal to the honey bee, Apis mellifera. In this paper six forms of neonicotinoid insecticides (i.e. Acetamiprid, Thiacloprid, Imidacloprid, Clothianidin, Thaimethoxam, and Nitenpyram) are analysed. The initial steps are to first find a suitable mobile phase eluent, followed by the search for a reagent causing a luminescence effect of the neonicotinoids on a TLC plate. Subsequently, a calibration method is then used to find the detection limit of this TLC experiment. The aim is, therefore, to achieve a standard method of quantifying and qualifying neonicotinoids via TLC. Whilst a suitable mobile phase has been established, an optimal fluorescent reagent has yet to be found and more research on the subject must be carried out.
Das In-flight Entertainment (IFE) in Flugzeugen, also die mediale Unterhaltung der Passagiere mit Musik, Filmen oder Videospielen während des Flugs, wird für die Fluggesellschaften immer wichtiger. Somit steigen auch die Anforderungen an das IFE-System hinsichtlich Datenraten, Zuverlässigkeit und Flexibilität. Im Forschungsprojekt „Sprechende Sitzschiene“ an der Hochschule Offenburg wird ein neuartiges Kommunikationssystem für das In-flight Entertainment in Passagierflugzeugen entwickelt. Das Besondere und Innovative daran ist die Verwendung von Strukturelementen des Flugzeugs wie Sitzschienen als Übertragungsmedium.
Angepasste Hybridantriebe in mobilen Arbeitsmaschinen (off-highway Anwendungen) versprechen wegen der typischerweise auftretenden Lastzyklen mit ausgeprägten, häufigen und schnellen Laständerungen folgende Vorteile: geringerer Kraftstoffverbrauch, Einsatz eines Dieselmotors kleinerer Leistung, dadurch Erfüllung strikter werdender Emissionsvorschriften (TIER 4, EURO 5) ohne oder mit reduzierter Abgasnachbehandlung, Lärmreduktion, weitere Einsparpotenziale durch Elektrifizierung der Fahrzeugfunktionen möglich (Erhöhung des Hybridisierungsgrads), höhere Produktivität durch höhere Antriebsdynamik.
Introduction: Cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) with atrioventricular (AV) and interventricular (VV) optimized biventricular pacing (BV) is an established therapy for heart failure (HF) patients. The aim of the study was to compare AV and VV delay optimization with cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), contractility index (IC) and acceleration index (ACI) impedance cardiographic (ICG) methods in CRT.
Methods: 15 HF patients (age 66 ± 10 years; 2 females, 13 males) in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class 3.1 ± 0.4, left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction 21.3 ± 7.8 % and QRS duration 176.1 ± 31.7 ms underwent AV and VV delay optimization with CO, CI, IC and ACI (Cardioscreen ®, Medis GmbH, Ilmenau, Germany) at different AV and VV delay BV pacing settings versus right ventricular (RV) pacing one day after implantation of a CRT device.
Results: Optimal AV delay after atrial sensing was 108.6 ± 20.3 ms (n=14) and optimal AV delay after atrial pacing 190 ± 14.1 ms (n=2) with AV delay range from 80 ms to 200 ms. Optimal VV delay was -12.3 ± 25.9 ms left ventricular before RV pacing. RV versus BV pacing mode resulted in improvement of CO from 3.4 ± 1.2 l/min to 4.4 ± 1.4 l/min (p<0.001), CI from 1.8 ± 0.64 l/min/m² to 2.4 ± 0.78 l/min/m² (p<0.001), IC from 0.028 ± 0.011 1/s to 0.036 ± 0.013 1/s (p<0.001) and ACI from 0.667 ± 0.227 1/s² to 0.834 ± 0.282 1/s² (p<0.002). During 34 ± 26 month BV pacing, the NYHA class improved from 3.1 ± 0.4 to 2.1 ± 0.4 (p<0.001).
Conclusion: AV and VV delay optimized BV pacing acutely improve hemodynamic parameters of transthoracic ICG and their NYHA class during long-term follow-up. ICG may be a simple and useful technique to optimize AV and VV delay in CRT.
Produzierende Unternehmen sehen sich auch zukünftig mit stark wachsenden Herausforderungen konfrontiert und gegenübergestellt. Dies ist vor allem durch eine zunehmend dynamischere Umwelt mit stark schwankenden Veränderungen bedingt, die es erforderlich macht, sich schnell und flexibel auf diese Veränderungen einzustellen bzw. anzupassen.