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Separation Estimation with Thermal Cameras for Separation Monitoring in Human-Robot Collaboration
(2022)
Human-Robot Collaborative applications have the drawback of being less efficient than their non-collaborative counterparts. One of the main reasons is, that the robot has to slow down when a human being is within the operating space of the robot. There are different approaches on dynamic speed and separation monitoring in human-robot collaborative applications. One approach additionally differentiates between human and non-human objects to increase efficiency in speed and separation monitoring. This paper proposes to estimate the separation distance by measuring the temperature of the approaching object. Measurements show that the measured temperature of a human being decreases with 1 deg C per meter distance from the sensor. This allows an estimation of separation between a robotic system and a human being.
Human-robot collaboration plays a strong role in industrial production processes. The ISO/TS 15066 defines four different methods of collaboration between humans and robots. So far, there was no robotic system available that incorporates all four collaboration methods at once. Especially for the speed and separation monitoring, there was no sensor system available that can easily be attached directly to an off-the-shelf industrial robot arm and that is capable of detecting obstacles in distances from a few millimeters up to five meters. This paper presented first results of using a 3D time-of-flight camera directly on an industrial robot arm for obstacle detection in human-robot collaboration. We attached a Visionary-T camera from SICK to the flange of a KUKA LBR iiwa 7 R800. With Matlab, we evaluated the pictures and found that it works very well for detecting obstacles in a distance range starting from 0.5 m and up to 5 m.