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Wie man die Vorlesung "Technische Mechanik 1 - Statik" für alle Beteiligten dynamisch gestaltet
(2017)
Lehrende nehmen vielfältige Veränderungen, insbesondere bei Studienanfängern wahr: Vorkenntnisse, Aufnahme- und Konzentrationsfähigkeit werden zunehmend heterogener. In der Vorlesung „Technische Mechanik 1“ wurde darauf konstruktiv reagiert, indem der Ablauf und die Struktur verändert wurden. Aufgaben und ihre Lösungen stehen im Mittelpunkt des Unterrichts. Neben der Lehrenden als aktiv Handelnde wird jeder Studierende im Lauf des Semesters in den Ablauf integriert und muss individuelle Lösungen der verteilten Aufgaben präsentieren. Im Vergleich entwickeln die Studierenden durch „Lernen am Modell“ dadurch ihre methodischen und fachlichen Fähigkeiten weiter. Um den Studierenden die Relevanz der behandelten Themenbereiche zu verdeutlichen wurden spezielle Aufgaben mit einem lebensweltlichem Bezug entwickelt. Befragungen zeigen, dass die Studierenden von den vielfältigen interaktiven Lernangeboten profitieren und die entwickelten Kompetenzen auch auf andere Lernsituationen übertragen.
In cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) for heart failure, individualization of the AV delay is essential to improve hemodynamics and to minimize non-responder rate. In patients in sinus rhythm having additional disposition to bradycardia, optimization is necessary for both situations, atrial sensing and pacing. Therefore, echo-optimization is the goldstandard but time consuming. Unfortunately, it depends on the particular CRT systems parameter set if the resulting individually optimal AV delays can be programmed or not. Some CRT systems provide a set of AV delays for DDD operation combined with a set of the pace-sense-compensation to optimize the AV delay in DDD and VDD operation. The pace-sense-compensation (PSC) can be defined by the difference of implant-related interatrial conduction intervals in DDD and VDD operation measured in the esophageal left atrial electrogram. In a cohort of 96 CRT patients we found mean PSC of 59-35ms ranging between 0-143ms. As a consequence, allowing 10ms tolerance, AVD optimization is completely impossible in one of the two modes, VDD or DDD operation, in 34 (35%) or 5 (5%) patients with implants restricting the PSC range to 60ms or 100ms, respectively. Thus, we propose companies to provide CRT systems with programmable pace-sense- compensation between 0ms and 150ms.
Weitsprung mit und ohne Unterschenkelprothese – gleiche Sportart, unterschiedliche Disziplinen
(2022)
Freiwillige Fachtutorien erreichen aus unterschiedlichen Gründen nicht alle Studierenden. Allein der subjektive Eindruck, dass zu wenige Ressourcen seitens der Hochschule (Übungsräume, studentische Tutoren, lückenlose Stundenplanpassung) oder der Studierenden (Zeit, Motivation) zur Verfügung stünden, führt zu Absenzen bei freiwilligen Präsenztutorien. Um die empfundenen und realen Begrenzungen dieser Veranstaltungen zu verringern, wurden für den Studiengang Maschinenbau die Musterlösungen der Übungsaufgaben Physik und Mathematik in Form von Videoclips erstellt und über die Lernplattform Moodle für alle Studierende des Semesters bereitgestellt. Die Clips beziehen sich jeweils auf eine Teilaufgabe und besitzen die Länge eines typischen Youtube-Tutorials. In etwa 5 Minuten bieten sie dem Zuschauer einen Lösungsweg zu den jeweiligen Übungsaufgaben. Die Studierenden können die Clips alternativ oder ergänzend zur Präsenzveranstaltung nutzen. Bei der Erstellung der Clips wurde auf den Einsatz von Spezialeffekten wie Animationen etc. zugunsten einer effizienten Produktion verzichtet, so dass eine einzelne Lehrperson pro Stunde etwa 10 bis 20 Minuten Videoclips aufzeichnen kann. Die Auswertung der Zugriffszahlen auf die Clip-Dateien ermöglicht eine aufgabengenaue Ermittlung der aktiven Nutzer. Im Betrag wird eine vorläufige Auswertung der Teilnehmerzahl und der Korrelation zwischen Klausurergebnis und Nutzungsgrad präsentiert.
VDI Standard 4521: Status
(2016)
VDI Guideline 4521 Part 1: “Inventive problem solving with TRIZ: Part 1 – Fundamentals and definitions” has been published on 2015-04-01. The standard will sharpen the image of TRIZ, facilitate cooperation, and support studying and teaching. It is not a textbook but concisely summarizes basic assumptions of TRIZ and its terminology. It gives an overview on specific methods and tools which will be described in the following parts.
As part of the design education at Offenburg University, the teaching in technical documentation is continuously optimised. In this study, numerous mechanical engineering students, ages 19 to 29, are observed using the eye tracking technology and a video camera while performing various design exercises. The aim of the study is to enhance the students’ ability to read, understand and analyse complex engineering drawings. In one experiment, the students are asked to perform the “cube perspective test” after Stumpf and Fay to assess their ability for mental rotation as part of spatial visualization ability. Furthermore, the students are asked to prepare and give micro presentations on a topic related to their studies. Students have a maximum of 100 s time for these presentations. Thus, they can practise presenting important information in a short amount of time, show their rhetorical skills and demonstrate their acquisition of basic knowledge. During the presentation, the eye movement of a few selected students is recorded to analyse their information acquisition. In a further test, the students’ eye movements are analysed while reading an engineering drawing that consists of multiple views. All the spatial connections have to be included based on the different component views. Including these and their acquired knowledge, the students are asked to identify the correct representation of a component view. Furthermore the subjects are describing the function of an assembly, a parallel gripper and then they are to mentally disassemble the assembly to replace a damaged cylindrical pin. Simultaneously, they are filmed using a video camera to see which terms the students use for the individual technical terms. The evaluation of the eye movements shows that the increasing digitalisation of society and the use of electronic devices in everyday life lead to fast and only selective perceptual behaviour and that students feel insecure when dealing with technical drawings. The analysis of the videos shows a mostly non-technical and inaccurate manner of expression and a poor use of technical terms. The transferability of the achieved results to other technical tasks is part of further investigations.
Practical bottlenecks associated with commercialization of Lithium-air cells include capacity limitation and low cycling efficiency. The origin of such losses can be traced to complex electrochemical side reactions and reactant mass transport losses[1]. The efforts to minimize such losses include exploration of various electrolytes with additives[2], and cell component geometry and material design. Given the wide range of options for such materials, it is almost impractical to experimentally setup and characterize all those cells. Consequently, modeling and simulation studies are efficient alternatives to analyze spatially and temporally resolved cell behavior for various combinations of materials[3]. In this study, with the help of a two-dimensional multi physics model, we have focused on the effect of electrode and electrolyte interaction (electrochemistry), choice of electrolyte (species transport), and electrode geometry (electrode design) on the performance of a lithium-air button cell. Figure1a shows the schematics of the 2D axisymmetric computational domain. A comparative analysis of five different electrolytes was performed while focusing on the 2D distribution of local current density and the concentration of electro-chemically active species in the cell, that is, O2and Li+. Using two different cathode configurations, namely, flooded electrode and gas diffusion electrode (GDE)[4] at different cathode thickness, the effect of cell geometry and electrolyte saturation on cell performance was explored. Further, a detailed discussion on electrode volume utilization (cf. Figure1b) is presented via changes in the active volume of cathode that produces 90% of the total current with the cell current density for different combinations of electrolyte saturations and cathode thickness.
We herein present a topology design method based on local optimality criteria which has been implemented in an open source Navier-Stokes solver for turbulent flows. Our method aims for the fast generation of geometry proposals in the early conceptual phase. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first local criteria approach utilizing a wall function turbulence model in order to consider turbulent flows. In order to allow for the growth as well as the shrinkage, or even the formation or disappearance of structural features, a topological approach is chosen. By introducing a volume fraction parameter, we distinguish between fluid and solid properties in each control volume. The fluid-solid interface is represented by an immersed boundary method using a piecewise linear surface reconstruction.