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Am 1. Juli 2022 trafen sich im Rahmen des Abschlusskolloquiums des Projekts ACA-Modes rund 60 Teilnehmende aus Forschung, Lehre und Industrie zu einer internationalen Konferenz an der Hochschule Offenburg. Hier wurden die Projektergebnisse rund um die erfolgreiche Implementierung modellprädiktiver Regelstrategien vorgestellt, aktuelle Fragestellungen diskutiert und Entwicklungspfade hin zu einem netzdienlichen Betrieb von Energieverbundsystemen skizziert.
Die Energiewende ist ein elementares Thema, für Deutschland wie auch für viele andere Regionen weltweit. Bei der Bereitstellung effizienter und stabiler Verteilnetze stellen Kommunikationslösungen einen zentralen Baustein dar, um auf der Grundlage eines zeitnahen Monitorings koordinierte Regelalgorithmen zu realisieren. Dies gilt für alle Ebenen der Versorgung, wobei aus Sicht der Kommunikationstechnik die unterste Ebene der Verteilnetze am interessantesten ist: Hier sind die anspruchsvollsten Anforderungen im Hinblick auf die Kosten- und die Energieoptimierung der Kommunikationsknoten sowie die Administrierbarkeit, die Stabilität und die Skalierbarkeit der Gesamtlösung zu berücksichtigen. Das Steinbeis-Transferzentrum Embedded Design und Networking an der Hochschule Offenburg unter der Leitung von Prof. Dr.-Ing. Axel Sikora hat in verschiedenen Projekten mit renommierten Partnern umfangreiche Lösungen für diese sogenannte Primärkommunikation entwickelt.
The energy supply of Offenburg University of Applied Sciences (HS OG) was changed from separate generation to trigeneration in 2007/2008. Trigeneration was installed for supplying heat, cooling and electrical power at HS OG. In this paper, trigeneration process and its modes of operation along with the layout of the energy facility at HS OG were described. Special emphasis was given to the operation schemes and control strategies of the operation modes: winter mode, transition mode and summer mode. The components used in the energy facility were also outlined. Monitoring and data analysis of the energy system was carried out after the commissioning of trigeneration in the period from 2008 to 2011. Thus, valuable performance data was obtained.
Efficient, low-cost, secure and reliable communication solutions are a major stepping stone for smart metering and smart grid applications. This especially holds true for the so called primary communication or local metrological network (LMN) between a local meter or actuator and a data collector or gateway, where the highest requirements with regard to cost, bandwidth, and energy efficiency have to be taken into consideration. Multiple developments and field tests are going on in this field, however, energy autarkic devices are hardly found, yet.
The aim of this research work was to develop a boiler model with few parameters required for energy planning. The showcase considered for this work was the boiler system of the energy center at Offenburg University of Applied Sciences. A grey box model of the boiler was developed systematically starting from model abstraction, simplification, model break-down and to the use of empirical correlations wherever necessary to describe the intermediate effects along with the use of information from manufacturer’s specification in order to reduce parameters. This strategy had resulted in a boiler model with only 6 parameters, namely, nominal burner capacity, water gallery capacity, air ratio, heat capacity of wall, thermal conductance on flue gas and hot water side. Most of these parameters can be obtained through the information available in the spec sheets and thus an energy planner will be able to parameterize the model with low effort. The model was validated with the monitored data of the showcase. It was tested for the start-up, shut-down behavior and the effect of storage.
Passive solar elements for both direct and indirect gains, are systems used to maintain a comfortable living environment while saving energy, especially in the building energy retrofit and adaptation process. Sunspaces, thermal mass and glazing area and orientation have been often used in the past to guarantee adequate indoor conditions when mechanical devices were not available. After a period of neglect, nowadays they are again considered as appropriate systems to help face environmental issues in the building sector, and both international and national legislation takes into consideration the possibility of including them in the building planning tools, also providing economic incentives. Their proper design needs dynamic simulation, often difficult to perform and time consuming. Moreover, results generally suffer from several uncertainties, so quasi steady-state procedures are often used in everyday practice with good results, but some corrections are still needed. In this paper, a comparative analysis of different solutions for the construction of verandas in an existing building is presented, following the procedure provided by the slightly modified and improved Standard EN ISO 13790:2008. Advantages and disadvantages of different configurations considering thermal insulation, windows typology and mechanical ventilation systems are discussed and a general intervention strategy is proposed. The aim is to highlight the possibility of using sunspaces in order to increase the efficiency of the existing building stock, considering ease of construction and economic viability.
Energy Performance of Verandas in the Building Retrofit Process (PDF Download Available). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303093420_Energy_Performance_of_Verandas_in_the_Building_Retrofit_Process [accessed Jul 5, 2017].
Ziel und Tempo der Energiewende sind gesetzt. Der Ausstieg aus der Stromproduktion in Kernkraftwerken soll bis 2022 geschafft sein. Eine Elektrizitätserzeugung, die auf erneuerbaren Energien beruht, soll die bisherige Erzeugung auf der Grundlage von Kohle, Kernbrennstoffen und Erdgas bis 2050 stufenweise weitgehend ablösen und damit maßgeblich zu den Klimaschutzzielen der Bundesregierung beitragen. Der Weg zu diesen Zielen ist für die Beteiligten hingegen noch nicht deutlich einsehbar. Viele offene Fragestellungen technischer, ökonomischer, legislativer und gesellschaftlicher Natur verstellen den Blick auf eine klare Strategie zur Erreichung der energiepolitischen Ziele. Vielschichtige Aufgaben und immense Herausforderungen kommen mit der Mammutaufgabe „Energiewende“ auf Politik, Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und Bevölkerung zu. Ein wichtiger Enabler für die erfolgreiche Integration von Wind- und Sonnenenergie sowie für neue Prozesse, Marktrollen und Technologien ist die Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie (IKT). An diesem Punkt setzt die hier vorliegende Studie an.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is one of the most promising technologies for sustainable energy production due to the high power density, low operative temperature and more convenient use for several applications. Nevertheless, the high generated current that characterizes PEMFC requires a specific power conditioning. In addition, specific controller must be designed to fit with system operative points changing associated with the variation of this high current. To deal with this challenge, in this paper, an electrochemical system composed of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) feeding via two phases IBC has been proposed and investigated. For robustness, the used IBC for fuel cell voltage regulation is controlled by linear quadratic regulator (LQR). Then, genetic algorithms technique is applied to optimize the LQR controller parameters giving optimal control coefficients and can if necessary be adjusted according to each working situation change. The model of the entire system is studied using Matlab/Simulink environment. The simulation’s comparative standard and robustness results both demonstrate that the proposed GA-based LQR controller outperforms the conventional PI in terms of performance metrics (overshoot reduction: between 58.93% and 97.09%; response time reduction: between 56.40% and 77.00% and ripple reduction: between 84.00% and 94.86%).