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The sharp rise in electricity and oil prices due to the war in Ukraine has caused fluctuations in the results of the previous study about the economic analysis of electric buses. This paper shows how the increase in fuel prices affects the implementation of electric buses. This publication is constructing the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) model in the small-mid-size city, Offenburg for the transition to electric buses. The future development of costs is estimated and a projection based on learning curves will be carried out. This study intends to introduce a new future prospect by presenting the latest data based on previous research. Through the new TCO result, the cost differences between the existing diesel bus and the electric bus are updated, and also the future prospects for the economic feasibility of the electric bus in a small and midsize city are presented.
An import ban of Russian energy sources to Germany is currently being increasingly discussed. We want to support the discussion by showing a way how the electricity system in Germany can manage low energy imports in the short term and which measures are necessary to still meet the climate protection targets. In this paper, we examine the impact of a complete stop of Russian fossil fuel imports on the electricity sector in Germany, and how this will affect the climate coals of an earlier coal phase-out and climate neutrality by 2045.
Following a scenario-based analysis, the results gave a point of view on how much would be needed to completely rely on the scarce non-renewable energy resources in Germany. Huge amounts of investments would be needed in order to ensure a secure supply of electricity, in both generation energy sources (RES) and energy storage systems (ESS). The key findings are that a rapid expansion of renewables and storage technologies will significantly reduce the dependence of the German electricity system on energy imports. The huge integration of renewable energy does not entail any significant imports of the energy sources natural gas, hard coal, and mineral oil, even in the long term. The results showed that a ban on fossil fuel imports from Russia outlines huge opportunities to go beyond the German government's climate targets, where the 1.5-degree-target is achieved in the electricity system.
The energy system is changing since some years in order to achieve the climate goals from the Paris Agreement which wants to prevent an increase of the global temperature above 2 °C [1]. Decarbonisation of the energy system has become for governments a big challenge and different strategies are being stablished. Germany has set greenhouse gas reduction limits for different years and keeps track of the improvement made yearly. The expansion of renewable energy systems (RES) together with decarbonisation technologies are a key factor to accomplish this objective.
This research is done to analyse the effect of introducing biochar, a decarbonisation technology, and study how it will affect the energy system. Pyrolysis is the process from which biochar is obtained and it is modelled in an open-source energy system model. A sensibility analysis is done in order to assess the effect of changing the biomass potential and the costs for pyrolysis.
The role of pyrolysis is analysed in the form of different future scenarios for the year 2045 to evaluate the impact when the CO2 emission limit is zero. All scenarios are compared to the reference scenario, where pyrolysis is not considered.
Results show that biochar can be used to compensate the emissions from other conventional power plant and achieve an energy transition with lower costs. Furthermore, it was also found that pyrolysis can also reduce the need of flexibility. This study also shows that the biomass potential and the pyrolysis costs can strongly affect the behaviour of pyrolysis in the energy system.
To achieve Germany's climate targets, the industrial sector, among others, must be transformed. The decarbonization of industry through the electrification of heating processes is a promising option. In order to investigate this transformation in energy system models, high-resolution temporal demand profiles of the heat and electricity applications for different industries are required. This paper presents a method for generating synthetic electricity and heat load profiles for 14 industry types. Using this methodology, annual profiles with a 15-minute resolution can be generated for both energy demands. First, daily profiles for the electricity demand were generated for 4 different production days. These daily profiles are additionally subdivided into eight end-use application categories. Finally, white noise is applied to the profile of the mechanical drives. The heat profile is similar to the electrical but is subdivided into four temperature ranges and the two applications hot water and space heating. The space heating application is additionally adjusted to the average monthly outdoor temperature. Both time series were generated for the analysis of an electrification of industrial heat application in energy system modelling.
Peer-to-peer energy trading and local electricity markets have been widely discussed as new options for the transformation of the energy system from the traditional centralized scheme to the novel decentralized one. Moreover, it has also been proposed as a more favourable alternative for already expiring feed in tariff policies that promote investment in renewable energy sources. Peer-to-peer energy trading is usually defined as the integration of several innovative technologies, that enable both prosumers and consumers to trade electricity, without intermediaries, at a consented price. Furthermore, the techno-economic aspects go hand in hand with the socio-economic aspects, which represent at the end significant barriers that need to be tackled to reach a higher impact on current power systems. Applying a qualitative analysis, two scalable peer-to-peer concepts are presented in this study and the possible participant´s entry probability into such concepts. Results show that consumers with a preference for environmental aspects have in general a higher willingness to participate in peer-to-peer energy trading. Moreover, battery storage systems are a key technology that could elevate the entry probability of prosumers into a peer-to-peer market.