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CONTEXT
The paper addresses the needs of medium and small businesses regarding qualification of R&D specialists in the interdisciplinary cross-industry innovation, which promises a considerable reduction of investments and R&D expenditures. The cross-industry innovation is commonly understood as identification of analogies and transfer of technologies, processes, technical solutions, working principles or business models between industrial sectors. However, engineering graduates and specialists frequently lack the advanced skills and knowledge required to run interdisciplinary innovation across the industry boundaries.
PURPOSE
The study compares the efficiency of the cross-industry innovation methods in one semester project-oriented course. It identifies the individual challenges and preferred working techniques of the students with different prior knowledge, sets of experiences, and cultural contexts, which require attention by engineering educators.
APPROACH
Two parallel one-semester courses were offered to the mechanical and process engineering students enrolled in bachelor’s and master’s degree programs at the faculty of mechanical and process engineering. The students from different years of study were working in 12 teams of 3…6 persons each on different innovation projects, spending two hours a week in the classroom and additionally on average two hours weekly on their project research. Students' feedback and self-assessments concerning gained skills, efficiency of learned tools and intermediate findings were documented, analysed, and discussed regularly along the course.
RESULTS
Analysis of numerous student projects allows to compare and to select the tools most appropriate for finding cross-industry solutions, such as thinking in analogies, web monitoring, function-oriented search, databases of technological effects and processes, special creativity techniques and others. The utilization of learned skills in practical innovation work strengthens the motivation of students and enhances their entrepreneurial competences. Suggested learning course and given recommendations help facilitate sustainable education of ambitious specialists.
CONCLUSIONS
The structured cross-industry innovation can be successfully run as a systematic process and learned in one semester course. The choice of the preferred working teqniques made by the students is affected by their prior knowledge in science, practical experience, and cultural contexts. Major outcomes of the students’ innovation projects such as feasibility, novelty and customer value of the concepts are primarily influenced by students’ engineering design skills, prior knowledge of the technologies, and industrial or business experience.
The production of potable water in dry areas nowadays is mainly done by the desalination of seawater. State of the art desalination plants usually are built with high production capacities and consume a lot of electrical energy or energy from primary resources such as oil. This causes difficulties in rural areas, where no infrastructure is available neither for the plants’ energy supply nor the distribution of the produced potable water. To address this need, small, self-sustaining and locally operated desalination plants came into the focus of research. In this work, a novel flash evaporator design is proposed which can be driven either by solar power or by low temperature waste heat. It offers low operation costs as well as easy maintenance. The results of an experimental setup operated with water at a feed flow rate of up to 1,600 l/h are presented. It is shown that the proof of concept regarding efficient evaporation as well as efficient gas-liquid separation is provided successfully. The experimental evaporation yield counts for 98 % of the vapor content that is expected from the vapor pressure curve of water. Neither measurements of the electrical conductivity of the gained condensate, nor the analysis of the vapor flow by optical methods show significant droplet entrainment, so there are no concerns regarding the purity of the produced condensate for the use as drinking water.
Our media-artistic performances and installations, INTERCORPOREAL SPLITS (2010–2013), BUZZ (2014–2015), W ASTELAND (2015–2016), as well as our new collaboration with Bruno Latour , DE\GLOBALIZE (2018–2020), are not just about polyphony. Here, however, we rediscover them under this heading, thus giving them a new twist, while mapping out issues, mechanisms and functional modes of the polyphonic.
Mit Gendering Marteloskope stellen wir Entwicklungsprozess dar: Entstanden ist videografisches Material in Marteloskopen, die im Wald Bäume, Tablets und Menschen in Dialog zueinander setzen. Die Videografie und die Erfahrungen vor Ort werden mit Ansätzen aus Gender in Science and Technlogy Studies reflektiert sowie mit digital unterstützter kollaborativer Didaktik über interaktive Webdokumentationen zu Open Science Modulen zusammengeführt.
A method for determining properties of a pipeline includes feeding a sound wave signal at a predetermined feed point into the pipeline so that the sound wave signal propagates in an axial direction of the pipeline. The frequency spectrum of the transmitted sound wave signal has a frequency component or a spectral range with a maximum frequency that is smaller than the lower limit frequency for the first upper mode. Reflected portions of the transmitted sound wave signal are detected as received sound wave signal and are evaluated with regard to the transmitted sound wave signal to determine at least the distance of each reflection site from the feed point.
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Kalibration einer Kamera (110) unter Nutzung eines Bildschirmes (120), wobei der Bildschirm (120) eine Menge von Bildpunkten (122) aufweist und die Kamera (110) eine Vielzahl von Pixeln (112) zur Darstellung des Bildes nutzt. Das Verfahren umfasst die folgenden Schritten (a) Darstellen zumindest eines Bildwertes (BW) in zumindest einem Bildpunkt (122) des Bildschirms (120) basierend auf einer Bildwertzuweisung; (b) Erfassen des zumindest einen Bildwertes (BW) durch einen Pixel (112a) der Kamera (110); und (c) Bestimmen der Position des zumindest einen Bildpunktes (122) auf dem Bildschirm (120) basierend auf dem zumindest einen erfassten Bildwert (BW) und der Bildwertzuweisung.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum digitalen Drucken einer Keramikfarbe auf einem Substrat, wobei die Keramik der Keramikfarbe auf mindestens den Schmelzpunkt der Keramik mittels eines Laserstrahls simultan zu dem Aufbringen der Keramikfarbe auf ein Substrat mittels eines Druckkopfes erwärmt wird. Weiterhin betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung auch die Verwendung eines Laserstrahls in einer Vorrichtung zum digitalen Drucken einer Keramikfarbe auf einem Substrat, wobei der Laserstrahl die Keramik der Keramikfarbe auf mindestens den Schmelzpunkt der Keramik simultan zu dem Aufbringen der Keramikfarbe auf ein Substrat mittels eines Druckkopfes der Vorrichtung erwärmt. Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft weiterhin auch eine Vorrichtung zum digitalen Drucken einer Keramikfarbe auf einem Substrat, die einen Druckkopf zum Aufbringen einer Keramikfarbe auf ein Substrat sowie einen Laser zum Erwärmen der Keramik der Keramikfarbe auf mindestens den Schmelzpunkt der Keramik mittels eines Laserstrahls umfasst.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum digitalen Drucken einer Keramikfarbe auf einem Substrat, wobei die Keramik der Keramikfarbe auf mindestens den Schmelzpunkt der Keramik mittels eines Laserstrahls simultan zu dem Aufbringen der Keramikfarbe auf ein Substrat mittels eines Druckkopfes erwärmt wird. Weiterhin betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung auch die Verwendung eines Laserstrahls in einer Vorrichtung zum digitalen Drucken einer Keramikfarbe auf einem Substrat, wobei der Laserstrahl die Keramik der Keramikfarbe auf mindestens den Schmelzpunkt der Keramik simultan zu dem Aufbringen der Keramikfarbe auf ein Substrat mittels eines Druckkopfes der Vorrichtung erwärmt. Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft weiterhin auch eine Vorrichtung zum digitalen Drucken einer Keramikfarbe auf einem Substrat, die einen Druckkopf zum Aufbringen einer Keramikfarbe auf ein Substrat sowie einen Laser zum Erwärmen der Keramik der Keramikfarbe auf mindestens den Schmelzpunkt der Keramik mittels eines Laserstrahls umfasst.
Online comment on: "Printing ferromagnetic domains for untethered fast-transforming soft materials"
(2018)
Numerous 2,5-dimethoxy-N-benzylphenethylamines (NBOMe), carrying a variety of lipophilic substituents at the 4-position, are potent agonists at 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT2A ) receptors and show hallucinogenic effects. The present study investigated the metabolism of 25D-NBOMe, 25E-NBOMe, and 25N-NBOMe using the microsomal model of pooled human liver microsomes (pHLM) and the microbial model of the fungi Cunninghamella elegans (C. elegans). Identification of metabolites was performed using liquid chromatography-high resolution-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HR-MS/MS) with a quadrupole time-of-flight (QqToF) instrument. In total, 36 25D-NBOMe phase I metabolites, 26 25E-NBOMe phase I metabolites and 24 25N-NBOMe phase I metabolites were detected and identified in pHLM. Furthermore, 14 metabolites of 25D-NBOMe, 11 25E-NBOMe metabolites, and nine 25N-NBOMe metabolites could be found in C. elegans. The main biotransformation steps observed were oxidative deamination, oxidative N-dealkylation also in combination with hydroxylation, oxidative O-demethylation possibly combined with hydroxylation, oxidation of secondary alcohols, mono- and dihydroxylation, oxidation of primary alcohols, and carboxylation of primary alcohols. Additionally, oxidative di-O-demethylation for 25E-NBOMe and reduction of the aromatic nitro group and N-acetylation of the primary aromatic amine for 25N-NBOMe took place. The resulting 25N-NBOMe metabolites were unique for NBOMe compounds. For all NBOMes investigated, the corresponding 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-X) metabolite was detected. This study reports for the first time 25X-NBOMe N-oxide metabolites and hydroxylamine metabolites, which were identified for 25D-NBOMe and 25N-NBOMe and all three investigated NBOMes, respectively. C. elegans was capable of generating all main biotransformation steps observed in pHLM and might therefore be an interesting model for further studies of new psychoactive substances (NPS) metabolism.
Lithium-ion pouch cells with lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12, LTO) anode and lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2, NCA) cathode were investigated experimentally with respect to their electrical (0.1C…4C), thermal (5 °C…50 °C) and long-time cycling behavior. The 16 Ah cell exhibits an asymmetric charge/discharge behavior which leads to a strong capacity-rate effect, as well as a significantly temperature-dependent capacity (0.37 Ah ∙ K−1) which expresses as additional high-temperature feature in the differential voltage plot. The cell was cycled for 10,000 cycles inbetween the nominal voltage limits (1.7–2.7 V) with a symmetric 4C constant-current charge/discharge protocol, corresponding to approx. 3400 equivalent full cycles. A small (0.192 mΩ/1000 cycles) but continuous increase of internal resistance was observed. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), this could be identified to be caused by the NCA cathode, while the LTO anode showed only minor changes during cycling. The temperature-corrected capacity during 4C cycling exhibited a decrease of 1.28%/1000 cycles. The 1C discharge capacity faded by only 4.0% for CC discharge and 2.3% for CCCV discharge after 10,000 cycles. The cell thus exhibits very good internal-resistance stability and excellent capacity retention even under harsh (4C continuous) cycling, demonstrating the excellent stability of LTO as anode material.
One of the bottlenecks hindering the usage of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell technology in automotive applications is the highly load-sensitive degradation of the cell components. The cell failure cases reported in the literature show localized cell component degradation, mainly caused by flow-field dependent non-uniform distribution of reactants. The existing methodologies for diagnostics of localized cell failure are either invasive or require sophisticated and expensive apparatus. In this study, with the help of a multiscale simulation framework, a single polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) model is exposed to a standardized drive cycle provided by a system model of a fuel cell car. A 2D multiphysics model of the PEMFC is used to investigate catalyst degradation due to spatio-temporal variations in the fuel cell state variables under the highly transient load cycles. A three-step (extraction, oxidation, and dissolution) model of platinum loss in the cathode catalyst layer is used to investigate the cell performance degradation due to the consequent reduction in the electro-chemical active surface area (ECSA). By using a time-upscaling methodology, we present a comparative prediction of cell end-of-life (EOL) under different driving behavior of New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC).
On the Fundamental and Practical Aspects of Modeling Complex Electrochemical Kinetics and Transport
(2018)
Numerous technologies, such as batteries and fuel cells, depend on electrochemical kinetics. In some cases, the responsible electrochemistry and charged-species transport is complex. However, to date, there are essentially no general-purpose modeling capabilities that facilitate the incorporation of thermodynamic, kinetic, and transport complexities into the simulation of electrochemical processes. A vast majority of the modeling literature uses only a few (often only one) global charge-transfer reactions, with the rates expressed using Butler–Volmer approximations. The objective of the present paper is to identify common aspects of electrochemistry, seeking a foundational basis for designing and implementing software with general applicability across a wide range of materials sets and applications. The development of new technologies should be accelerated and improved by enabling the incorporation of electrochemical complexity (e.g., multi-step, elementary charge-transfer reactions and as well as supporting ionic and electronic transport) into the analysis and interpretation of scientific results. The spirit of the approach is analogous to the role that Chemkin has played in homogeneous chemistry modeling, especially combustion. The Cantera software, which already has some electrochemistry capabilities, forms the foundation for future capabilities expansion.
Die Heterogenität der Studienanfänger/innen erleben viele Lehrende unmittelbar in den Anfängerveranstaltungen, Heterogenität nicht nur in Bezug auf fachliche Vorbildung, sondern auch bezüglich verfügbaren Lernstrategien, Fertigkeiten, Motivation und
Selbstdisziplin. Schon allein einer 90-minütigen Vorlesung konzentriert zu folgen und die
Ergebnisse strukturiert zu sichern, ist für viele eine sehr große Herausforderung. In diesem Erfahrungsbericht wird das seit dem WS 2015/16
an der Hochschule Offenburg erprobte Potenzial moderner Tablets untersucht, Vorteile
von klassischem handschriftlichen An- und Mitschreiben mit einer Vorstruktur, wie sie
z.B. PPT-Slides ermöglichen, zu vereinen.
Autonome Systeme im Consumerbereich - Was bedeutet die Autonomie technischer Systeme für den Kunden
(2018)
With the need for automatic control based supervisory controllers for complex energy systems, comes the need for reduced order system models representing not only the non-linear behaviour of the components but also certain unknown process dynamics like their internal control logic. At the Institute of Energy Systems Technology in Offenburg we have built a real-life microscale trigeneration plant and present in this paper a rational modelling procedure that satisfies the necessary characteristics for models to be applied in model predictive control for grid-reactive optimal scheduling of this complex energy system. These models are validated against experimental data and the efficacy of the methodology is discussed. Their application in the future for the optimal scheduling problem is also briefly motivated.
Der Spion im Klassenzimmer
(2018)
Bildung statt Profilbildung
(2018)
Der Beitrag befasst sich mit den Besonderheiten neuer Nutzungsarten bei der Einräumung von urheberrechtlichen Nutzungsrechten. Er legt außerdem einen Schwerpunkt auf die tatsächlichen Herausforderungen bei der Verhandlung solcher Rechtseinräumungen mit Unternehmen der Tech-Branche, die bei neuen Geschäftsmodellen oft über einen Wissensvorsprung verfügen.
Zum Handbuch der Musikwirtschaft: "In dem Standardwerk der Musikbranche geben 80 namhafte Autoren einen umfassenden Überblick über sämtliche Bereiche der deutschen Musikwirtschaft und ihrer Marktteilnehmer sowie über branchenspezifische Rechtsfragen und Vertragstypen. Unentbehrlich für alle, die im Musikbusiness tätig sind oder sich für diese Branche interessieren."
Solar irradiance prediction is vital for the power management and the cost reduction when integrating solar energy. The study is towards a ground image based solar irradiance prediction which is highly dependent on the cloud coverage. The sky images are collected by using ground based sky imager (fisheye lens). In this work, different algorithms for cloud detection being a preparation step for their segmentation are compared.
The fisheye camera has been widely studied in the field of ground based sky imagery and robot vision since it can capture a wide view of the scene at one time. However, serious image distortion is a major drawback hindering its wider use. To remedy this, this paperproposes a lens calibration and distortion correction method for detecting clouds and forecasting solar radiation. Finally, the radial distortion of the fisheye image can be corrected by incorporating the estimated calibration parameters. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
This paper deals with the detection and segmentation of clouds on high-dynamic-range (HDR) images of the sky as well as the calculation of the position of the sun at any time of the year. In order to predict the movement of clouds and the radiation of the sun for a short period of time, the clouds thickness and position have to be known as precisely as possible. Consequently, the segmentation algorithm has to provide satisfactory results regardless of different weather, illumination and climatic conditions. The principle of the segmentation is based on the classification of each pixel as a cloud or as a sky. This classification is usually based on threshold methods, since these are relatively fast to implement and show a low computational burden. In order to predict if and when the sun will be covered by clouds, the position of the sun on the images has to be determined. For this purpose, the zenith and azimuth angles of the sun are determined and converted into XY coordinates.
BGH "Mehrere Werbekanäle"
(2018)
LG München I "Lieferfrist"
(2018)
LG Frankfurt/M. "Hooligan"
(2018)
A printed electronics technology has the advantage of additive and extremely low-cost fabrication compared with the conventional silicon technology. Specifically, printed electrolyte-gated field-effect transistors (EGFETs) are attractive for low-cost applications in the Internet-of-Things domain as they can operate at low supply voltages. In this paper, we propose an empirical dc model for EGFETs, which can describe the behavior of the EGFETs smoothly and accurately over all regimes. The proposed model, built by extending the Enz-Krummenacher-Vittoz model, can also be used to model process variations, which was not possible previously due to fixed parameters for near threshold regime. It offers a single model for all the operating regions of the transistors with only one equation for the drain current. Additionally, it models the transistors with a less number of parameters but higher accuracy compared with existing techniques. Measurement results from several fabricated EGFETs confirm that the proposed model can predict the I-V more accurately compared with the state-of-the-art models in all operating regions. Additionally, the measurements on the frequency of a fabricated ring oscillator are only 4.7% different from the simulation results based on the proposed model using values for the switching capacitances extracted from measurement data, which shows more than 2× improvement compared with the state-of-the-art model.
Oxide semiconductors are highly promising candidates for the most awaited, next-generation electronics, namely, printed electronics. As a fabrication route for the solution-processed/printed oxide semiconductors, photonic curing is becoming increasingly popular, as compared to the conventional thermal curing method; the former offers numerous advantages over the latter, such as low process temperatures and short exposure time and thereby, high throughput compatibility. Here, using dissimilar photonic curing concepts (UV–visible light and UV-laser), we demonstrate facile fabrication of high performance In2O3 field-effect transistors (FETs). Beside the processing related issues (temperature, time etc.), the other known limitation of oxide electronics is the lack of high performance p-type semiconductors, which can be bypassed using unipolar logics from high mobility n-type semiconductors alone. Interestingly, here we have found that our chosen distinct photonic curing methods can offer a large variation in threshold voltage, when they are fabricated from the same precursor ink. Consequently, both depletion and enhancement-mode devices have been achieved which can be used as the pull-up and pull-down transistors in unipolar inverters. The present device fabrication recipe demonstrates fast processing of low operation voltage, high performance FETs with large threshold voltage tunability.
Various methods of Digital Manufacturing (DM) have been available for the manufacturing of physical architectural models for several years. This paper highlights the advantages of 3D printing for digital manufacturing of detailed architectural models. In particular, the representation of architectural details and textures is treated. Furthermore, two new methods are being developed in order to improve the conditions for the application of digital manufacturing of architectural models.