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Energy efficiency and hygrothermal performance of hemp clay walls for Moroccan residential buildings
(2023)
Hemp-based building envelopes have gained significant popularity in developed countries, and now the trend of constructing houses with hemp-clay blocks is spreading to developing countries like Morocco. Investigating the hygrothermal behavior of such structures under actual climate conditions is essential for advancing and promoting this sustainable practice. This paper presents an in-depth experimental characterization of a commercial hemp-clay brick that has been exposed to the outdoor environment for four years, in addition to field measurements on a building scale demonstration prototype. Additionally, the study simulates 17 representative cities to assess the hygrothermal performance and energy-saving potential in each of Morocco's six existing climate zones, using the EnergyPlus engine. The experimental campaign's findings demonstrate excellent indoor air temperature and relative humidity regulation within the hemp-clay wall building, leading to satisfactory levels of thermal comfort within hemp-clay wall buildings. This is attributed to the material's good thermal conductivity and excellent moisture buffering capacity (found to be 0.31 W/mK and 2.25 g/m2%RH), respectively). The energy simulation findings also point to significant energy savings, with cooling and heating energy reductions ranging from 27.7% to 47.5% and 33.7% to 79.8%, respectively, as compared to traditional Moroccan buildings.
To improve the building’s energy efficiency many parameters should be assessed considering the building envelope, energy loads, occupation, and HVAC systems. Fenestration is among the most important variables impacting residential building indoor temperatures. So, it is crucial to use the most optimal energy-efficient window glazing in buildings to reduce energy consumption and at the same time provide visual daylight comfort and thermal comfort. Many studies have focused on the improvement of building energy efficiency focusing on the building envelope or the heating, ventilation, and cooling systems. But just a few studies have focused on studying the effect of glazing on building energy consumption. Thus, this paper aims to study the influence of different glazing types on the building’s heating and cooling energy consumption. A real case study building located under a semi-arid climate was used. The building energy model has been conducted using the OpenStudio simulation engine. Building indoor temperature was calibrated using ASHRAE’s statistical indices. Then a comparative analysis was conducted using seven different types of windows including single, double, and triple glazing filled with air and argon. Tripleglazed and double-glazed windows with argon space offer 37% and 32% of annual energy savings. It should be stressed that the methodology developed in this paper could be useful for further studies to improve building energy efficiency using optimal window glazing.
Unter dem europäischen Programm Intelligent Energy for Europe (IEE) fanden sich acht europäische Partner zusammen, um im Rahmen des Projektes ThermCo Lüftungs‐ und Kühlenergiekonzepte für Nichtwohngebäude mit niedrigem Energieeinsatz im Hinblick auf die Energieeffizienz und den thermischen Raumkomfort zu bewerten (siehe Teil 1 dieser Veröffentlichung in Bauphysik 34 (2012), Heft 6. Mit Hilfe einer Simulationsstudie für ein typisches Bürogebäude wird das Potenzial unterschiedlicher Lüftungs‐ und Kühlstrategien unter Berücksichtigung von Energieeffizienz und Raumkomfort für verschiedene europäische Klimazonen bewertet. Die Ergebnisse weisen eine hohe Wirksamkeit von Nachtlüftungskonzepten im nord‐europäischen Sommerklima mit verhältnismäßig niedrigen Außentemperaturen nach. Im mitteleuropäischen Sommerklima bietet das Erdreich ein ausreichend niedriges Temperaturniveau für den effizienten Einsatz von wassergeführten Flächentemperiersystemen. Im südeuropäischen Sommerklima kann eine aktive Kühlung über Luft die hohen und schnell fluktuierenden Kühllasten effizient abführen.