Refine
Document Type
Conference Type
- Konferenzartikel (1)
Has Fulltext
- no (3)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (3)
Keywords
- Mikrostruktur (2)
- Plastizität (2)
- Stahl (2)
- Ermüdung (1)
- Hot work tool steel (1)
- Ostwald ripening (1)
- Particle hardening (1)
- Ramberg-Osgood relationship (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Thermal softening (1)
Institute
Open Access
- Closed Access (2)
Warmumformwerkzeuge unterliegen während des Betriebes komplexen thermischen und mechanischen Beanspruchungen. In kritischen Bereichen können dadurch lokal Spannungen entstehen, die die Fließgrenze überschreiten. Bei der Serienproduktion führt dies zu zyklischen plastischen Verformungen und zur thermomechanischen Ermüdung, welche die Lebensdauer der Warmumformwerkzeuge maßgeblich bestimmen kann. Zur Bewertung der thermomechanischen Ermüdung der Warmumformwerkzeuge gibt es jedoch heute keine etablierten Konzepte, da dieser Aspekt erst durch die Notwendigkeit einer höheren Ressourcen- und Energieeffizienz und optimierter Produktionsprozesse (beispielsweise im Rahmen von Industrie 4.0) eine höhere Aufmerksamkeit erreicht. In dieser Arbeit wird zum einen die aktuell industriell angewandte Vorgehensweise zur Auslegung von Warmumformwerkzeugen hinsichtlich der Lebensdauer erläutert. Des Weiteren wird ein Überblick über existierende Plastizitätsmodelle und Lebensdauermodelle gegeben. Dabei wird zwischen rein phänomenologischen und mechanismenbasierten Modellen unterschieden. Aus der betriebenen Recherche wird ersichtlich, dass weiterer Forschungsbedarf auf diesem Gebiet notwendig ist.
Hot work tools are subjected to complex thermal and mechanical loads during hot forming processes. Locally, the stresses can exceed the material’s yield strength in highly loaded areas as e.g. in small radii in die cavities. To sustain the high loads, the hot forming tools are typically made of martensitic hot work steels. While temperatures for annealing of the tool steels usually lie in the range between 400 and 600 °C, the steels may experience even higher temperatures during hot forming, resulting in softening of the material due to coarsening of strengthening particles. In this paper, a temperature dependent cyclic plasticity model for the martensitic hot work tool steel 1.2367 (X38CrMoV5-3) is presented that includes softening due to particle coarsening and that can be applied in finite-element calculations to assess the effect of softening on the thermomechanical fatigue life of hot work tools. To this end, a kinetic model for the evolution of the mean size of secondary carbides based on Ostwald ripening is coupled with a cyclic plasticity model with kinematic hardening. Mechanism-based relations are developed to describe the dependency of the mechanical properties on carbide size and temperature. The material properties of the mechanical and kinetic model are determined on the basis of tempering hardness curves as well as monotonic and cyclic tests.
In this paper, the temperature dependent cyclic mechanical properties of the martensitic hot work tool steel 1.2367 after tempering are investigated. To this end, hardness measurements as well as monotonic and cyclic tests at temperatures in the range from room temperature to 650 °C are performed on material tempered for different tempering times and temperatures. To describe the observed time and temperature dependent softening during tempering a kinetic model for the evolution of the mean size of secondary carbides based on Ostwald ripening is developed. Furthermore, mechanism-based as well as phenomenological relations for the cyclic mechanical properties of the Ramberg-Osgood model depending on carbide size and temperature are introduced. A good overall agreement of the measured and the calculated stress-strain hysteresis loops for different temperatures and heat treatments is obtained using the determined material properties of the kinetic and mechanical model.