POIM - Peter Osypka Institute of Medical Engineering
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Introduction: Subjects with mild to moderate hearing loss today often receive hearing aids (HA) with open-fitting (OF). In OF, direct sound reaches the eardrums with minimal damping. Due to the required processing delay in digital HA, the amplified HA sound follows some milliseconds later. This process occurs in both ears symmetrically in bilateral HA provision and is likely to have no or minor detrimental effect on binaural hearing. However, the delayed and amplified sound are only present in one ear in cases of unilateral hearing loss provided with one HA. This processing alters interaural timing differences in the resulting ear signals.
Methods: In the present study, an experiment with normal-hearing subjects to investigate speech intelligibility in noise with direct and delayed sound was performed to mimic unilateral and bilateral HA provision with OF.
Results: The outcomes reveal that these delays affect speech reception thresholds (SRT) in the unilateral OF simulation when presenting speech and noise from different spatial directions. A significant decrease in the median SRT from –18.1 to –14.7 dB SNR is observed when typical HA processing delays are applied. On the other hand, SRT was independent of the delay between direct and delayed sound in the bilateral OF simulation.
Discussion: The significant effect emphasizes the development of rapid processing algorithms for unilateral HA provision.
Patients with focal ventricular tachycardia are at risk of hemodynamic failure and if no treatment is provided the mortality rate can exceed 30%. Therefore, medical professionals must be adequately trained in the management of these conditions. To achieve the best treatment, the origin of the abnormality should be known, as well as the course of the disease. This study provides an opportunity to visualize various focal ventricular tachycardias using the Offenburg heart rhythm model. Modeling and simulation of focal ventricular tachycardias in the Offenburg heart rhythm model was performed using CST (Computer Simulation Technology) software from Dessault Systèms. A bundle of nerve tissue in different regions in the left and right ventricle was defined as the focus in the already existing heart rhythm model. This ultimately served as the origin of the focal excitation sites. For the simulations, the heart rhythm model was divided into a mesh consisting of 5354516 tetrahedra, which is required to calculate the electric field lines. The simulations in the Offenburg heart rhythm model were able to successfully represent the progression of focal ventricular tachycardia in the heart using measured electrical field lines. The simulation results were realized as an animated sequence of images running in real time at a frame rate of 20 frames per second. By changing the frame rate, these simulations can additionally be produced at different speeds. The Offenburg heart rhythm model allows visualization of focal ventricular arrhythmias using computer simulations.
Patients with focal ventricular tachycardia are at risk of hemodynamic failure and if no treatment is provided the mortality rate can exceed 30%. Therefore, medical professionals must be adequately trained in the management of these conditions. To achieve the best treatment, the origin of the abnormality should be known, as well as the course of the disease. This study provides an opportunity to visualize various focal ventricular tachycardias using the Offenburg cardiac rhythm model.
"Ad fontes!"
Francesco Petrarca (1301–1374)
In the beginning, there was an idea: the reconstruction of the first "Iron Hand" of the Franconian imperial knight Götz von Berlichingen (1480–1562). We found that with this historical prosthesis, simple actions for daily use, such as holding a wine glass, a mobile phone, a bicycle handlebar grip, a horse’s reins, or some grapes, are possible without effort. Controlling this passive artificial hand, however, is based on the help of a healthy second hand.
eLetter zum Artikel "The Hannes hand prosthesis replicates the key biological properties of the human hand" von Matteo Laffranchi et al., veröffentlicht in Science Robotics, Vol. 5, Issue 46, eabb0467 (doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.abb0467)
eLetter: "The ancient Capua leg from 300 BC and the 1941 air raid on the Royal College of Surgeons"
(2021)
eLetter zum Artikel "The College of Surgeons, London", veröffentlicht in Science, Vol. 93, Issue 2425, Seite 587 (DOI: 10.1126/science.93.2425.587).
eLetter zum Artikel "Condiciones neuropsi-quiátricas y probable causa de muerte de Maurice Ravel" von Gómez-Carvajal AM, Botero-Meneses JS, Palacios-Espinosa X und Palacios-Sánchez L., veröffentlicht in Iatreia 35(3), Seite 341-8 (DOI: https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iatreia.154).