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Die digitale Transformation als Vernetzung von Menschen, Organisationen, Maschinen, bis hin zu simplen Gegenständen des täglichen Lebens hat mehr oder weniger starke Auswirkungen auf alle Lebensbereiche. Künstliche Intelligenz und autonome technische Systeme haben direkte Auswirkungen auf die Autonomie des Einzelnen, was neue Fragen für Wissenschaft und Praxis aufwirft. In unterschiedlichen Beiträgen werden Autonomiegewinne und -verluste skizziert, die sich unter anderem im Bereich des Rechts, der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien, in Kunst und Gestaltung, bei Kundenbeziehungen, Kryptowährungen, Medieninhalten sowie im digitalen Arbeitsalltag feststellen lassen. Kritische Entwicklungen wie digitale Sorglosigkeit und Tools und Verfahren wie Projektmanagementsoftware oder predictive analytics gilt es dabei zu bewerten. Damit liefert dieser Band einen Überblick zum aktuellen Stand der Diskussion, zeigt Zusammenhänge auf und sensibilisiert für die Gestaltung des digitalen Wandels.
The excessive control signaling in Long Term Evolution networks required for dynamic scheduling impedes the deployment of ultra-reliable low latency applications. Semi-persistent scheduling was originally designed for constant bit-rate voice applications, however, very low control overhead makes it a potential latency reduction technique in Long Term Evolution. In this paper, we investigate resource scheduling in narrowband fourth generation Long Term Evolution networks through Network Simulator (NS3) simulations. The current release of NS3 does not include a semi-persistent scheduler for Long Term Evolution module. Therefore, we developed the semi-persistent scheduling feature in NS3 to evaluate and compare the performance in terms of uplink latency. We evaluate dynamic scheduling and semi-persistent scheduling in order to analyze the impact of resource scheduling methods on up-link latency.
Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication promises improvements in road safety and efficiency by enabling low-latency and reliable communication services for vehicles. Besides using Mobile Broadband (MBB), there is a need to develop Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC) applications with cellular networks especially when safety-related driving applications are concerned. Future cellular networks are expected to support novel latencysensitive use cases. Many applications of V2X communication, like collaborative autonomous driving requires very low latency and high reliability in order to support real-time communication between vehicles and other network elements. In this paper, we classify V2X use-cases and their requirements in order to identify cellular network technologies able to support them. The bottleneck problem of the medium access in 4G Long Term Evolution(LTE) networks is random access procedure. It is evaluated through simulations to further detail the future limitations and requirements. Limitations and improvement possibilities for next generation of cellular networks are finally detailed. Moreover, the results presented in this paper provide the limits of different parameter sets with regard to the requirements of V2X-based applications. In doing this, a starting point to migrate to Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) or 5G - solutions is given.
The next generation cellular networks are expected to improve reliability, energy efficiency, data rate, capacity and latency. Originally, Machine Type Communication (MTC) was designed for low-bandwidth high-latency applications such as, environmental sensing, smart dustbin, etc., but there is additional demand around applications with low latency requirements, like industrial automation, driver-less cars, and so on. Improvements are required in 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks towards the development of next generation cellular networks for providing very low latency and high reliability. To this end, we present an in-depth analysis of parameters that contribute to the latency in 4G networks along with a description of latency reduction techniques. We implement and validate these latency reduction techniques in the open-source network simulator (NS3) for narrowband user equipment category Cat-Ml (LTE-M) to analyze the improvements. The results presented are a step towards enabling narrowband Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) networks.