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Integration of BACNET OPC UA-Devices Using a JAVA OPC UA SDK Server with BACNET Open Source Library
(2014)
Taschenbuch Digitaltechnik
(2014)
Das Taschenbuch Digitaltechnik wendet sich an Studierende und Schüler in der Ausbildung sowie an Wissenschaftler und Ingenieure in der Praxis. Es gibt einen Überblick über Grundlagen und Details der Digitaltechnik sowie ausgewählte Anwendungen und enthält aktuelles Faktenwissen in kompakter und strukturierter Form.
Das Taschenbuch Digitaltechnik dient zum schnellen Nachschlagen von Fachbegriffen und Abkürzungen bietet ein umfangreiches, fachlich gegliedertes Literaturverzeichnis für weiterführende Studien ist unentbehrlich bei Prüfungsvorbereitungen und Klausuren.
Die 3. Auflage zeichnet sich aus durch:
- eine vollständige Überarbeitung und Aktualisierung aller Kapitel
- Ausbau des Themenbereichs Analog/Digital-Umsetzer und Digital/Analog-Umsetzer
- zahlreiche verbesserte bzw. neue Abbildungen
Geschichte(n) der Medizin
(2015)
Renommierte Autoren erzählen lebendige und mitreißende Geschichte(n) der Medizin über Krankheiten, Ärzte und Forscher.
-Wie kam es zur Entdeckung des Blutkreislaufes, wo man doch lange Zeit glaubte, die Leber produziere täglich Tausende von Litern Blut?
-Warum sind Hirnschrittmacher erst viel später als Herzschrittmacher auf der medizinischen Bühne erschienen, wo doch das Gehirn schon in der Antike trepaniert und erforscht wurde?
-Die Antworten auf diese und andere Fragen werden nicht nur wissenschaftlich exakt, sondern auch überaus unterhaltsam gegeben.
-Beachtlich, dass Friedrich II. von Preußen auch begnadeter Hobby-Arzt war.
-Bemerkenswert, wie eine Frau zu einer Zeit zielstrebig Ärztin wurde, als nur Männer Medizin studieren durften.
-Bewegend die Erlebnisse eines Arztes an der Front.
-Faszinierend, wie ein „Wunderdoktor“ reihenweise Frauen in Ohnmacht versetzte, um sie zu heilen; er wurde damit zum Mitbegründer der Psychotherapie.
-Das Buch knüpft mit diesen und weiteren Erzählungen an den großen Erfolg des ersten Bandes an und bietet in populärwissenschaftlicher Weise neues Lese- und Bildungsvergnügen.
PET and SPECT in Neurology
(2014)
PET and SPECT in Neurology highlights the combined expertise of renowned authors whose dedication to the investigation of neurological disorders through nuclear medicine technology has achieved international recognition. Classical neurodegenerative disorders are discussed as well as cerebrovascular disorders, brain tumors, epilepsy, head trauma, coma, sleeping disorders, and inflammatory and infectious diseases of the CNS. The latest results in nuclear brain imaging are detailed. Most chapters are written jointly by a clinical neurologist and a nuclear medicine specialist to ensure a multidisciplinary approach. This state-of-the-art compendium will be valuable to anybody in the field of neuroscience, from the neurologist and the radiologist/nuclear medicine specialist to the interested general practitioner and geriatrician. It is the second volume of a trilogy on PET and SPECT imaging in the neurosciences, the other volumes covering PET and SPECT in psychiatry and in neurobiological systems.
Geschichte(n) der Medizin
(2014)
Seit Menschengedenken schreibt die Medizin ihre eigene(n) Geschichte(n). Bis heute faszinieren Berichte über Krankheiten oder Todesfolgen vergangener Zivilisationen, Herrscher und Persönlichkeiten. In diesem Band werden ausgewählte Vitae aus der Zeit zwischen dem zweiten Jahrhundert vor Christus und heute exemplarisch und kurzweilig vorgestellt.
Doch nicht nur die hier wiedergegebenen Krankheitsverläufe der prominenten Protagonisten faszinieren. Mindestens genauso bemerkenswert sind die dargestellten Veränderungen von Moral-Vorstellungen innerhalb der Geschichte(n): So verbietet beispielsweise der Eid des Hippokrates das Blasenstein¬-Schneiden – doch heute ist die Entfernung von Nephrolithen immanenter Bestandteil der Urologie. Und während die Deklaration des Weltärztebundes aus dem Jahr 1948 – das sogenannte Genfer Gelöbnis – den Schwangerschaftsabbruch noch ablehnt, ist dieser heutzutage (in engen Grenzen) erlaubt.
Den renommierten Autoren des vorliegenden Bandes gelingt es mühelos und mitreißend, Geschichte(n) der Medizin in Biografien und Erzählungen lebendig werden zu lassen. Ihre historischen Betrachtungen sind gleichermaßen unterhaltsam wie lehrreich.
Extended Performance Measurements of Scalable 6LoWPAN Networks in an Automated Physical Testbed
(2015)
IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks, also known as 6LoWPAN, is becoming more and more a de facto standard for such communications for the Internet of Things, be it in the field of home and building automation, of industrial and process automation, or of smart metering and environmental monitoring. For all of these applications, scalability is a major precondition, as the complexity of the networks continuously increase. To maintain this growing amount of connected nodes a various 6LoWPAN implementations are available. One of the mentioned was developed by the authors' team and was tested on an Automated Physical Testbed for Wireless Systems at the Laboratory Embedded Systems and Communication Electronics of Offenburg University of Applied Sciences, which allows the flexible setup and full control of arbitrary topologies. It also supports time-varying topologies and thus helps to measure performance of the RPL implementation. The results of the measurements prove an excellent stability and a very good short and long-term performance also under dynamic conditions. In all measurements, there is an advantage of minimum 10% with regard to the average times, like global repair time; but the advantage with reagr to average values can reach up to 30%. Moreover, it can be proven that the performance predictions from other papers are consistent with the executed real-life implementations.
The overview of public key infrastructure based security approaches for vehicular communications
(2015)
Modern transport infrastructure becomes a full member of globally connected network. Leading vehicle manufacturers have already triggered development process, output of which will open a new horizon of possibilities for consumers and developers by providing a new communication entity - a car, thus enabling Car2X communications. Nevertheless some of available systems already provide certain possibilities for vehicles to communicate, most of them are considered not sufficiently secured. During last 15 years a number of big research projects funded by European Union and USA governments were started and concluded after which a set of standards were published prescribing a common architecture for Car2X and vehicles onboard communications. This work concentrates on combining inner and outer vehicular communications together with a use of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI).
The aim of this research work was to develop a boiler model with few parameters required for energy planning. The showcase considered for this work was the boiler system of the energy center at Offenburg University of Applied Sciences. A grey box model of the boiler was developed systematically starting from model abstraction, simplification, model break-down and to the use of empirical correlations wherever necessary to describe the intermediate effects along with the use of information from manufacturer’s specification in order to reduce parameters. This strategy had resulted in a boiler model with only 6 parameters, namely, nominal burner capacity, water gallery capacity, air ratio, heat capacity of wall, thermal conductance on flue gas and hot water side. Most of these parameters can be obtained through the information available in the spec sheets and thus an energy planner will be able to parameterize the model with low effort. The model was validated with the monitored data of the showcase. It was tested for the start-up, shut-down behavior and the effect of storage.
Der Studienbeginn wird an der Hochschule Offenburg durch Vorbereitungskurse, sogenannte Brückenkurse, unterstützt. Wir stellen vorläufige Ergebnisse beim Einsatz von Smartphones und Tablets im Rahmen des Physik-Brückenkurses vor, bei dem die Studenten Hilfen zum selbständigen Üben durch eine App erhalten. Durch die Überarbeitung des Kurses und den Einsatz der App konnte der Teilnehmerschwund verringert werden. Die Evaluationsergebnisse bestätigen eine hohe Akzeptanz der Neuerungen seitens der Studierenden. Erste Auswertungen von Ein- und Ausgangstests deuten darauf hin, dass durch den Brückenkurs eine Angleichung der Vorkenntnisse der Studienanfänger erreicht wird, da Teilnehmer mit geringeren Vorkenntnissen tendenziell einen größeren Lernfortschritt erreichen. Durch unterschiedliche Schwierigkeitsstufen und selbstregulierte Übungsphasen in individuellem Tempo können aber auch die Erfordernisse der stärkeren Teilnehmer angemessen berücksichtigt werden.
We propose secure multi-party computation techniques for the distributed computation of the average using a privacy-preserving extension of gossip algorithms. While recently there has been mainly research on the side of gossip algorithms (GA) for data aggregation itself, to the best of our knowledge, the aforementioned research line does not take into consideration the privacy of the entities involved. More concretely, it is our objective to not reveal a node's private input value to any other node in the network, while still computing the average in a fully-decentralized fashion. Not revealing in our setting means that an attacker gains only minor advantage when guessing a node's private input value. We precisely quantify an attacker's advantage when guessing - as a mean for the level of data privacy leakage of a node's contribution. Our results show that by perturbing the input values of each participating node with pseudo-random noise with appropriate statistical properties (i) only a minor and configurable leakage of private information is revealed, by at the same time (ii) providing a good average approximation at each node. Our approach can be applied to a decentralized prosumer market, in which participants act as energy consumers or producers or both, referred to as prosumers.
In this paper an RFID/NFC (ISO 15693 standard) based inductively powered passive SoC (system on chip) for biomedical applications is presented. A brief overview of the system design, layout techniques and verification method is dis-cussed here. The SoC includes an integrated 32 bit microcontroller, sensor interface circuit, analog to digital converter, integrated RAM, ROM and some other peripherals required for the complete passive operation. The entire chip is realized in CMOS 0.18 μm technology with a chip area of 1.52mm x 3.24 mm.
This work describes a camera-based method for the calibration of optical See-Through Glasses (STGs). A new calibration technique is introduced for calibrating every single display pixel of the STGs in order to overcome the disadvantages of a parametric model. A non-parametric model compared to the parametric one has the advantage that it can also map arbitrary distortions. The new generation of STGs using waveguide-based displays [5] will have higher arbitrary distortions due to the characteristics of their optics. First tests show better accuracies than in previous works. By using cameras which are placed behind the displays of the STGs, no error prone user interaction is necessary. It is shown that a high accuracy tracking device is not necessary for a good calibration. A camera mounted rigidly on the STGs is used to find the relations between the system components. Furthermore, this work elaborates on the necessity of a second subsequent calibration step which adapts the STGs to a specific user. First tests prove the theory that this subsequent step is necessary.
Autonomous humanoid robots need high torque actuators to be able to walk and run. One problem in this context is the heat generated. In this paper we propose to use water evaporation to improve cooling of the motors. Simulations based on thermodynamic calculations as well as measurements on real actuators show that, under the assumption of the load of a soccer game, cooling can be considerably improved with relatively small amounts of water.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an established biventricular pacing therapy in heart failure patients with left bundle branch block and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, but not all patients improved clinically as CRT responder. Purpose of the study was to evaluate electrical left atrial conduction delay (LACD) with focused transesophageal electrocardiography in CRT responder and CRT non-responder.
Methods: Twenty heart failure patients (age 66.6±8.2 years; 2 females, 18 males) with New York Heart Association functional class 3.0±0.3 and 174.2±40.2ms QRS duration were analysed using posterior left atrial transesophageal electrocardiography with hemispherical electrodes. Electrical LACD was measured between onset and offset of transesophageal left atrial signal before implantation of CRT devices.
Results: Electrical LACD could be evaluated by bipolar transesophageal left atrial electrocardiography using TO Osypka electrode in all heart failure patients with negative correlation between 54.7±18.1ms LACD and 24.9±6.4% left ventricular ejection fraction (r=-0.65, P=0.002). There were 16 CRT responders with reduction of New York Heart Association functional class from 3.0±0.29 to 2.1±0.2 (r=0.522, P=0.038) during 9.41±10.96 month biventricular pacing and negative correlation between 49.6±14.2ms LACD and 26.0±6.2% left ventricular ejection fraction (r=-0.533, P=0.034). There were 4 CRT non-responders with no reduction of New York Heart Association functional class from 3.0±0.4 to 2.8±0.5 (r=0.816, P=0.184) during with 13.88±16.39 month biventricular pacing and no correlation between 75.25±19.17ms LACD and 20.75±6.4% left ventricular ejection fraction (r=-0.831, P=0.169).
Conclusions: Focused transesophageal left atrial electrocardiography can be utilized to analyse electrical LACD in heart failure patients. LACD correlated negative with left ventricular ejection fraction in CRT responders. LACD may be a useful parameter to evaluate electrical left atrial desynchronization in heart failure patients.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an established class I level A biventricular pacing therapy in chronic heart failure patients with left bundle branch block and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, but not all patients improved clinically. Purpose of the study was to evaluate electrical interatrial conduction delay (IACD) to interventricular conduction delay (IVCD) ratio with focused transesophageal left atrial and left ventricular electrocardiography.
Methods: Thirty eight chronic heart failure patients (age 63.4±10.2 years; 3 females, 35 males) with New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class 3.0±0.2 and 171.71±36.17ms QRS duration were analysed using posterior left atrial and left ventricular transesophageal electrocardiography with hemispherical electrodes before CRT. Electrical IACD was measured between onset of P-wave in the surface ECG and onset of left atrial signal. Electrical IVCD was measured between onset of QRS complex in the surface ECG and onset of left ventricular signal.
Results: Electrical IACD and IVCD could be evaluated by transesophageal left atrial and left ventricular electrocardiography in all heart failure patients with correlation to 1.18±0.92 IACD-IVCD-ratio (r=-0.57, P<0.001; r=0.66, P<0.001). There were 32 CRT responder with reduction of NYHA class from 3.0±0.22 to 1.97±0.31 (P<0.001) during 16.5±18.9 month CRT with 75.19±33.49ms IACD, 78.91±24.73ms IVCD, 1.04±0.66 IACD-IVCD-ratio and correlation between IACD and IACDIVCD- ratio (r=0.84, P<0.001). There were 6 CRT nonresponder with no reduction of NYHA class from 3.0±0.3 to 2.9±0.5 during 14.3±13.7 month biventricular pacing, 50.0±28.26ms IVCD (P=0.014), 1.92±1.65 IACD-IVCD-ratio (P=0,029) and correlation between 67.0±24.9ms IACD and IACD-IVCD-ratio (r=0.85, P=0.031).
Conclusions: Focused transesophageal left atrial and left ventricular electrocardiography can be utilized to analyse electrical IACD and IVCD in heart failure patients. IACDIVDC- ratio may be a useful parameter to evaluate electrical left cardiac desynchronization in heart failure patients.
Hintergrund: Das elektrische interventrikuläre Delay (IVD) und die Lage der linksventrikulären (LV) Elektrode zum Ort der spätesten LV Erregung sind bei Patienten (P) mit Herzinsuffizienz (HF), reduzierter LV Funktion und breiter QRS Dauer (QRSD) von Bedeutung für den Erfolg der kardialen Resynchronisationstherapie (CRT). Die LV Elektrokardiographie ermöglicht eine Abschätzung des elektrischen IVD. Ziel der Studie besteht in der nicht-invasiven Evaluierung des elektrischen IVD bei Patienten (P) mit Vorhofflimmern (AFib) mit und ohne CRT mit biventrikulärer (BV) Stimulation.
Methoden: Bei 49 HF P mit AFib (Alter 63,9 ± 10,8 Jahre; 43 Männer und 6 Frauen) mit New York Heart Association (NYHA) Klasse 2,9 ± 0,4, LV Ejektionsfraktion 26,03 ± 7,99 % und QRS-Dauer (QRSD) 143,69 ± 35,62 ms wurde das elektrische IVD als Intervall zwischen Beginn des QRS-Komplexes im Oberflächen EKG und Beginn des LV Signals im transösophagealen LV EKG bei 31 HF P mit AFib und bei 18 HF P mit AFib und CRT präoperativ bestimmt. Das fokussierte bipolare LV EKG wurde mittels Osypka TO Sonde mit halbkugelförmigen Elektroden in Höhe des maximalen LV Signals registriert.
Ergebnisse: Bei 31 HF P mit AFib betrugen QRSD 135,48 ± 38,78 ms, IVD 49,55 ± 26,38 ms, QRSD-IVD-Verhältnis 3,12 ± 1,11 und das IVD korrelierte mit der QRSD (r=0,75, P<0,001) und dem QRSD-IVD-Verhältnis (r=-0,67, P<0,001) (Fig.). Bei 18 HF P mit AFib und CRT Defibrillator betrugen QRSD 157,83 ± 24,38 ms, IVD 61,94 ± 26,88 ms, QRSD-IVD-Verhältnis 3,12 ± 1,89 und das IVD korrelierte mit der QRSD (r=0,47, P=0,049) und dem QRSD-IVD-Verhältnis (r=-0,73, P<0,001). Bei 72,2 % CRT Responder (R) (n=13) betrugen QRSD 158,15 ± 22,4 ms, IVD 64,23 ± 24,62 ms, QRSD-IVD-Verhältnis 2,82 ± 1,32 und das IVD korrelierte mit der QRSD (r=0,57, P=0,043) und dem QRSD-IVD-Verhältnis (r=-0,76, P=0,0024). Bei 27,8 % CRT Non-Responder (NR) (n=5) betrugen QRSD 157 ± 31,94 ms, IVD 56 ± 34,52 ms, QRSD-IVD-Verhältnis 3,88 ± 2,98 und das IVD korrelierte nicht mit der QRSD (r=0,33, P=0,591) und dem QRSD-IVD-Verhältnis (r=-0,732, P=0,159). Die CRT R verbesserten sich in der NYHA Klasse von 3 ± 0,2 auf 2,2 ± 0,3 (P<0,001) während 15,3 ± 13,1 Monaten BV Stimulation. Bei 15 CRT NR kam es zu keiner Verbesserung der NYHA Klasse von 3 auf 3,3 ± 0,97 (P=0,529) während 18,8 ± 20,7 Monaten BV Stimulation.
Schlussfolgerungen: Das transösophageale LV EKG ermöglicht bei HF-P mit AFib die nichtinvasive Messung des elektrischen IVD präoperativ vor CRT. IVD und QRSD-IVD-Verhältnis sind möglicherweise einfach anwendbare Parameter zur Vorhersage von CRT R und CRT NR bei P mit AFib.
Android is an operating system which was developed for use in smart mobile phones and is the current leader in this market. A lot of efforts are being spent to make Android available to the embedded world, as well. Many embedded systems do not have a local GUI and are therefore called headless devices. This paper presents the results of an analysis of the general suitability of Anroid in headless embedded systems and ponders the advantages and disadvantages. It focuses on the hardware related issues, i.e. to what extent Android supports hardware peripherals normally used in embedded systems.
Pressure dynamics in metal-oxygen (metal-air) batteries: a case study on sodium superoxide cells
(2014)
Electrochemical reactions in metal–oxygen batteries come along with the consumption or release of gaseous oxygen. We present a novel methodology for investigating electrode reactions and transport phenomena in metal–oxygen batteries by measuring the pressure dynamics in an enclosed gas reservoir above the oxygen electrode. The methodology is exemplified by a room-temperature sodium–oxygen battery forming sodium superoxide (NaO2) in an electrolyte of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme) and sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate (NaOSO2CF3, NaOTf). The experiments are supported by microkinetic simulations with a one-dimensional multiphysics continuum model. During galvanostatic cycling over 30 cycles, a constant oxygen consumption/release rate is observed upon discharge/charge. The number of transferred electrons per oxygen molecule is calculated to 1.01 ± 0.02 and 1.03 ± 0.02 for discharge and charge, respectively, confirming the nature of the oxygen reaction product as superoxide O2–. The same ratio is observed in cyclic voltammetry experiments with low scan rate (<1 mV/s). However, at higher scan rates, the ratio increases as a result of oxygen transport limitations in the electrolyte. We introduce electrochemical pressure impedance spectroscopy (EPIS) for simultaneously analyzing current, voltage, and pressure of electrochemical cells. Pressure recording significantly increases the sensitivity of impedance toward oxygen transport properties of the porous electrode systems. In addition, we report experimental data on the diffusion coefficient and solubility of oxygen in electrolyte solutions as important parameters for the microkinetic models.
Special implant connection module was developed to combine full features of two commercial heart rhythm simulators, ARSI-4 and Intersim II, into a master-slave teaching system. Seven workstations were equipped with the Carelink and Homemonitoring remote patient monitoring systems. This combination enables in-vitro training of physicians, nurses and students in pace-maker and defibrillator measurements during implantation and individual programming in the follow-up. Thus, extended sets of arrhythmias and electrode problems can be used to simulate problems and their solutions in a wide range of the clinical routine.
Soccer simulation league is one of the founding leagues of RoboCup. In this paper we discuss the past, present and planned future achievements and changes. Also we summarize the connections and inter-league achievements of this league and provide an overview of the community contributions that made this league successful.
This paper investigates the maximum torque capability and torque ripple reduction using the asymmetric stator teeth for interior permanence magnet (IPM) synchronous machines. Traditional electric machines have the identical width for all stator teeth and the winding function is fixed. Using different widths for different stator teeth changes the winding function, therefore, the torque ripple components. The mathematical modeling of interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous machine torque ripple and finite element analysis simulation results for the characteristic properties of electric machines are presented. Compared with a similar rating IPM machine, certain combinations of the teeth widths can reduce the torque ripple by 80% with less than 4% average torque decline.
In this paper we propose a motion framework forbipedal robots that decouples motion definitions from stabilizingthe robot. This simplifies motion definitions yet allows dynamicmotion adaptations. Two applications, walking and stopping onone leg, demonstrate the power of the framework. We show thatour framework is able to perform walking and stopping on one legeven under extreme conditions and improves walking benchmarkssignificantly in the RoboCup 3D soccer simulation domain.
Der Übergang Schule-Studium wird an der Hochschule Offenburg im Vorbereitungskurs Mathematik per Smartphone bzw. Tablet unterstützt. Eine Mathe-App gibt zu den Trainingsaufgaben bei Bedarf Tipps, Teilschritte und ausführliche Erklärungen und hilft so den Studierenden, die Lösungen in ihrer individuellen Lerngeschwindigkeit zu entwickeln. Der mobile Ansatz erlaubt, die ca. 400 Teilnehmer des Präsenz-Kurses in normalen Klassenräumen ohne PC-Ausstattung mit E-Learning vertraut zu machen und unterstützt die Flexibilisierung von Übungszeit und -ort über die Präsenzzeit hinaus. Durch die inhaltliche Orientierung am hochschulübergreifenden COSH (Cooperation Schule Hochschule) Mindestanforderungskatalog Mathematik entstand eine Lösung, die jedem Studienanfänger zur Vorbereitung auf das Studium nutzen kann, die zu den Brückenkurs-Inhalten vieler Hochschulen passt und für die aktuell schon Kooperationsprojekte mit Schulen starten.