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Poröse Massen oder Formkörper aus anorganischen polymeren und deren Herstellung (EP000002958875A1)
(2015)
The invention relates to the field of transporting flat substrates such as silicon substrates. In particular, the invention relates to particularly protective and continuous transport of such substrates. The method according to the invention is used to transport a vertically aligned flat substrate (1) comprising two flat sides in a transport direction inside a transport channel (2) that is at least partially filled with a liquid medium (F), wherein said liquid medium (F) flows against at least one of the flat sides of the substrate (1) and has a supporting component, which lifts the sum of the weight and buoyancy force of the substrate (1), and an advancing component, which is directed in the transport direction, so that the substrate (1) is supported and transported without mechanical aids. The device according to the invention comprises a transport channel (2) for accommodating a liquid medium (F) and a substrate (1) to be guided in vertical alignment within said medium (F), wherein the transport channel (2) has inflow openings (5) in the walls (3, 4).
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Pulverlackieren eines Glasgegenstandes, umfassend die Schritte des Ausbildens einer polaren Beschichtung auf dem Glasgegenstand, umfassend den Teilschritt des Aufbringens einer Beschichtungszusammensetzung auf den Glasgegenstand, wobei die Beschichtungszusammensetzung ein Organosiloxan, das mindestens zwei Si-O-Bindungen aufweist, Wasser, ein organisches Lösemittel und ein pH-regulierendes Mittel enthält, mit der Maßgabe, dass die Beschichtungszusammensetzung keinen elektrisch leitfähigen Zusatz enthält, sowie die Schritte des Aufbringens eines Pulverlacks auf den derartig beschichteten Glasgegenstand und des Erwärmens des Pulverlacks.
Nowadays the processing power of mobile phones, smartphones and PDAs is increasing as well as the transmission bandwidth. Nevertheless there is still the need to reduce the content and the need of processing the data. We discuss the proposals and solutions for dynamic reduction of the transmitted content. For that, device specific properties are taken into account, as much as for the aim to reduce the need of processing power at the client side to be able to display the 3D (virtual reality) data. Therefore, well known technologies, e.g. data compression are combined with new developed ideas to reach the goal of adaptive content transmission. To achieve a device dependant reduction of processing power the data have to be preprocessed at the server side or the server even has to take over functionality of weak mobile devices.
The combination of fossil-derived fuels with ethanol and methanol has acquired relevance and attention in several countries in recent years. This trend is strongly affected by market prices, constant geopolitical events, new sustainability policies, new laws and regulations, etc. Besides bio-fuels these materials also include different additives as anti-shock agents and as octane enhancer. Some of the chemical compounds in these additives may have harmful properties for both environment and public health (besides the inherent properties, like volatility). We present detailed Raman spectral information from toluene (C7H8) and ethanol (C2H6O) contained in samples of ElO gasoline-ethanol blends. The spectral information has been extracted by using a robust, high resolution Fourier-Transform Raman spectrometer (FT-Raman) prototype. This spectral information has been also compared with Raman spectra from pure additives and with standard Raman lines in order to validate its accuracy in frequency. The spectral information is presented in the range of 0 cm-1 to 3500 cm-1 with a resolution of 1.66cm-1. This allows resolving tight adjacent Raman lines like the ones observed around 1003cm-1 and 1030cm-1 (characteristic lines of toluene). The Raman spectra obtained show a reduced frequency deviation when compared to standard Raman spectra from different calibration materials. The FT-Raman spectrometer prototype used for the analysis consist basically of a Michelson interferometer and a self-designed photon counter cooled down on a Peltier element arrangement. The light coupling is achieved with conventional62.5/125μm multi-mode fibers. This FT-Raman setup is able to extract high resolution and frequency precise Raman spectra from the additives in the fuels analyzed. The proposed prototype has no additional complex hardware components or costly software modules. The mechanical and thermal disturbances affecting the FT-Raman system are mathematically compensated by accurately extracting the optical path information of the Michelson interferometer. This is accomplished by generating an additional interference pattern with a λ = 632.8 nm Helium-Neon laser (HeNe laser). It enables the FT-Raman system to perform reliable and clean spectral measurements from the materials under observation.
Formal Description of Inductive Air Interfaces Using Thévenin's Theorem and Numerical Analysis
(2014)
With the development of new integrated circuits to interface radio frequency identification protocols, inductive air interfaces have become more and more important. Near field communication is not only able to communicate, but also possible to transfer power wirelessly and to build up passive devices for logistical and medical applications. In this way, the power management on the transponder becomes more and more relevant. A designer has to optimize power consumption as well as energy harvesting from the magnetic field. This paper discusses a model with simple equations to improve transponder antenna matching. Furthermore, a new numerical analysis technique is presented to calculate the coupling factors, inductions, and magnetic fields of multiantenna systems.
Introduction: Radiofrequency ablation allows successful treatment of most supraventricular reentrant and focal tachycardias and an increasing number of ventricular tachycardias. Different catheter tips are used. While AV nodal reentrant tachycardias require catheters with a tip of 4mm length, an 8 mm tip electrodes will be used for atrial flutter. A pulmonary vein isolation will be performed using 4 mm irrigated tip electrodes to achieve larger and deeper lesions. The need of a tubing set and pump for saline transfusion is a disadvantage of this technique. Gold tip electrodes can alternatively be used to produce increases in lesion size. Aim of this study was to compare RF ablation catheters of exactly the same geometry with either platin-iridum or gold tip.
Methods: Gold provides an almost four-fold thermal conductivity compared with platinum-iridium. The Cerablate G flutter (Osypka AG, Rheinfelden-Herten) is a newly designed radiofrequency ablation catheter with an 8 mm gold tip. Its power delivery was compared with the Cerablate flutter of same geometry but platin-iridium tip. Therefore, in-vitro RF ablations were performed using pork meat in a 0.9% saline solution at 37°C temperature. A pulsed volume flow was generated using a pump to simulate the blood flow. Temperature controlled ablations of 60 seconds using 45, 55 and 65°C and a maximum of 70W RF power were performed.
Results: Using the Osypka HAT300smart ablator, cumulative power of 167, 474 and 672W was delivered with gold tip against 121, 227 and 310 W with platin-iridium tip. By the Stockert SmartAblate G4 ablator, 202, 546 and 1075W was delivered with gold tip against 117, 246 and 394W with platin-iridium using 45, 55 and 65°C temperature.
Conclusion: During in-vitro investigations, the gold tip electrodes allowed a in power delivery increase of 117 up to 173%. Thus, gold tips can be used to increase lesion depth and diameter without cooling equipment.
Hybrid SPECT/US
(2014)
Bluetooth Low Energy extends the Bluetooth standard in version 4.0 for ultra-low energy applications through the extensive usage of low-power sleeping periods, which inherently difficult in frequency hopping technologies. This paper gives an introduction into the specifics of the Bluetooth Low Energy protocol, shows a sample implementation, where an embedded device is controlled by an Android smart phone, and shows the results of timing and current consumption measurements.
A crack opening stress equation for in-phase and out-of-phase thermomechanical fatigue loading
(2016)
In this paper, a crack opening stress equation for in-phase and out-of-phase thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) loading is proposed. The equation is derived from systematic calculations of the crack opening stress with a temperature dependent strip yield model for both plane stress and plane strain, different load ratios and different ratios of the temperature dependent yield stress in compression and tension. Using a load ratio scaled by the ratio of the yield stress in compression and tension, the equation accounts for the effect of the temperature dependent yield stress and the constraint on the crack opening stress. Based on the scaling relation established in this paper, Newman's crack opening stress equation for isothermal loading is enabled to predict the crack opening stress under TMF loading.
Optimal microgrid scheduling with peak load reduction involving an electrolyzer and flexible loads
(2016)
This work consists of a multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming model for defining optimized schedules of components in a grid-connected microgrid. The microgrid includes a hydrogen energy system consisting of an alkaline electrolyzer, hydrogen cylinder bundles and a fuel cell for energy storage. Local generation is provided from photovoltaic panels, and the load is given by a fixed load profile combined with a flexible electrical load, which is a battery electric vehicle. The electrolyzer has ramp-up constraints which are modeled explicitly. The objective function includes, besides operational costs and an environmental indicator, a representation of peak power costs, thus leading to an overall peak load reduction under optimized operation. The model is used both for controlling a microgrid in a field trial set-up deployed in South-West Germany and for simulating the microgrid operation for defined period, thus allowing for economic system evaluation. Results from defined sample runs show that the energy storage is primarily used for trimming the peak of electricity drawn from the public grid and is not solely operated with excess power. The flexible demand operation also helps keeping the peak at its possible minimum.
Covert channels have been known for a long time because of their versatile forms of appearance. For nearly every technical improvement or change in technology, such channels have been (re-)created or known methods have been adapted. For example, the introduction of hyperthreading technology has introduced new possibilities for covert communication between malicious processes because they can now share the arithmetic logical unit as well as the L1 and L2 caches, which enable establishing multiple covert channels. Even virtualization, which is known for its isolation of multiple machines, is prone to covert- and side-channel attacks because of the sharing of resources. Therefore, it is not surprising that cloud computing is not immune to this kind of attacks. Moreover, cloud computing with multiple, possibly competing users or customers using the same shared resources may elevate the risk of illegitimate communication. In such a setting, the “air gap” between physical servers and networks disappears, and only the means of isolation and virtual separation serve as a barrier between adversary and victim. In the work at hand, we will provide a survey on vulnerable spots that an adversary could exploit trying to exfiltrate private data from target virtual machines through covert channels in a cloud environment. We will evaluate the feasibility of example attacks and point out proposed mitigation solutions in case they exist.
Structured Innovation with TRIZ in Science and Industry - Creating Value for Customers and Society
(2016)
Die von der Bundesregierung beschlossene Energiewende stellt Politik und Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft vor große Herausforderungen. Entscheidend für den Erfolg der Energiewende wird es sein, die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit des Industriestandortes Deutschland zu erhalten. Dafür muss weiterhin eine hohe Stromversorgungsqualität bei zugleich international wettbewerbsfähigen Strompreisen sichergestellt sein. Der BDI stellt fünf Prinzipien auf dem Weg zu einem neuen Strommarktdesign auf und zeigt, dass eine informations- und kommunikationstechnische Vernetzung relevanter Komponenten des Energiesystems für das künftige System essenziell ist.
Statt MOOC
(2013)
Die Weltwirtschaftskrise 2008 hat mit ihrer zeitweisen Verknappung von Acetonitril eindringlich gezeigt, dass man nicht nur auf eine einzige chromatographische Methode setzten sollte. Genau dies wird aber im Augenblick getan, denn Industrie und Forschung setzen mehrheitlich auf die High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) als die Trennmethode ihrer Wahl. Für viele Anwendungen in der Pharmazie, in der Umweltanalytik, der Lebensmittelanalytik, aber auch in der Inprozesskontrolle gibt es mit der Dünnschichtchromatografie eine Alternative.
Vorrichtung (2) zur Analyse von Urin, umfassend: – eine Zuführ- und Abführeinrichtung (7), welche zur Zuführung einer bestimmten Urinmenge in eine wenigstens einen Analysebereich (8) aufweisende Analysekammer (9) eines Urinteststreifens (10) und zur Abführung einer bestimmten Urinmenge aus einer wenigstens einen Analysebereich (8) aufweisenden Analysekammer (9) eines Urinteststreifens (10) eingerichtet ist, wobei die Zuführ- und Abführeinrichtung (7) wenigstens ein bewegbar gelagertes Zuführ- und/oder Abführelement (28, 29) zum Zuführen einer bestimmten Urinmenge in einen Zuführbereich (33) der Analysekammer (9) des Urinteststreifens (10) und/oder zum Abführen einer bestimmten Urinmenge aus einem Abführbereich (34) der Analysekammer (9) des Urinteststreifens (10) aufweist, und – eine Erfassungseinrichtung (11), welche zur Erfassung einer zumindest abschnittsweisen Änderung wenigstens eines optisch erfassbaren Parameters, welcher sich in Abhängigkeit der Zusammensetzung einer diesen kontaktierenden Urinmenge optisch erfassbar verändert, des oder eines entsprechenden Analysebereichs (8) des oder eines entsprechenden Urinteststreifens (10) sowie zur Erzeugung einer Erfassungsinformation, welche wenigstens einen optisch erfassten Parameter des oder eines entsprechenden Analysebereichs (8) oder eine Änderung eines solchen beschreibt, eingerichtet ist.
Lithium-oxygen cells with organic electrolyte suffer high overpotentials during charge, indicating asymmetric charge/discharge reaction mechanisms. We present a multi-physics dynamic modeling and simulation study of the Li/O2 cell cycling behavior. We present three different multi-step mechanisms of the 2 Li + O2 ⇄ Li2O2 cell reaction, (A) a reversible 5-step mechanism, (B) a partially irreversible 6-step mechanism, and (C) a partially irreversible 8-step mechanism that includes reactions of a redox mediator. Model predictions are compared to experimental galvanostatic cycling data of Swagelok cells without and with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxyl (TEMPO) as redox mediator. All mechanisms are able to predict the discharge behavior in good agreement to the experimental results. The experimentally observed high charge overpotentials as well as their reduction by using a redox mediator can be qualitatively reproduced with the irreversible reaction mechanisms. However, the particular shape of the experimental charge curve with continuously increasing charge overpotential cannot be reproduced with the present mechanisms.
Die Social Media Plattform Instagram, welche es Usern erlaubt, ihre Interessen, Einstellungen und Erlebnisse bildhaft mit einer weltweiten Community zu teilen, stellt u. a. auf Grund ihrer hohen Reichweite und des hohen Userengagements ein attraktives Marketinginstrument für Unternehmen dar. Die Beliebtheit der Plattform Instagram lässt sich am Zuwachs der Nutzerzahlen ablesen, die binnen drei Jahren und vier Monaten von 100 Millionen auf 500 Millionen im Juni 2016 anstiegen.1 Bereits in Deutschland folgen ca. 50 % der neun Millionen Instagramnutzer einem Unternehmen. Pro Beitrag, Post genannt, wird durchschnittlich eine Interaktionsrate von ca. 4,8 % durch die eigenen Follower erzielt. Diese Interaktionszahlen kann zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt kein anderes soziales Netzwerk vorweisen.
Über den Kern von Instagram, das visuelle Bild, welches bei Rezipienten zur schnellsten Verarbeitung und Interpretation führt, können Unternehmen und Marken gewollt kognitive Prozesse bei den Verbrauchern auslösen.4 Dahingehend sind der Transport eines direkten Markenimages, die Begünstigung der Brand Awareness und eine Vorwegnahme von subjektiven Kaufentscheidungen möglich.
Viele Unternehmen tun sich jedoch mit dem jungen und schnelllebigen Kanal schwer und verlieren sich oft in den Möglichkeiten der Instrumente. Ein unstrukturiertes Vorgehen führt dazu, dass die Effizienz des Kanals verfehlt wird, man in der Masse untergeht und nicht konkurrenzfähig ist. Daher bedarf es einer adäquaten Vorbereitung auf den Kanal und dessen Instrumente, damit die Marketingaktivitäten auch den erhofften Return on Investment liefern. Für Unternehmen gilt es, in einem fundierten Planungsprozess zu klären, in welchem Segment sie sich platzieren wollen, was für eine Zielgruppe erreicht werden soll, mit welcher Intention sie diese ansprechen wollen und allen voran, mit welchem Instrument dies geschehen soll. Auf Instagram haben werbende Unternehmen die Wahl zwischen Content-Marketing, Advertising Kampagnen oder Influencer-Marketing.
With our society moving towards Industry 4.0, an increasing number of tasks and procedures in manual workplaces are augmented with a digital component. While the research area of Internet-of-Things focuses on combining physical objects with their digital counterpart, the question arises how the interface to human workers should be designed in such Industry 4.0 environments. The project motionEAP focuses on using Augmented Reality for creating an interface between workers and digital products in interactive workplace scenarios. In this paper, we summarize the work that has been done in the motionEAP project over the run-time of 4 years. Further, we provide guidelines for creating interactive workplaces using Augmented Reality, based on the experience we gained.
In this paper fatigue crack closure under in-phase and out-of-phase thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) loading is studied using a temperature dependent strip yield model. It is shown that fatigue crack closure is strongly influenced by the phase relation between mechanical loading and temperature, if the temperature difference goes along with a temperature dependence of the yield stress. In order to demonstrate the effect of the temperature dependent yield stress, the influence of in-phase and out-of-phase TMF loading is studied for a polycrystalline nickel-base superalloy. By using a mechanism based lifetime model, implications for fatigue lives are demonstrated.
Partizipatives Parasitieren
(2016)