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Diese Fallstudien sind im Rahmen der Vorlesung "Integrationsseminar" von Bachelorstudenten/-innen des 5. Semesters an der DHBW Mannheim erarbeitet worden. Es handelt sich bei diesen Fallstudien ausschließlich um Unternehmen, die einen Onlinehandel betreiben. Jede Fallstudie beginnt mit der Beschreibung des Beispielunternehmens, deren Entwicklung und Ausrichtung. Anschließend werden die Marktsituation, sowie die Stärken und Schwächen dargestellt. Die Handlungsempfehlung und das Fazit fassen die Schwerpunkte zusammen und die abschließenden Arbeitsfragen können für eine weitere Bearbeitung verwendet werden.
In the last decade, IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks, also known as 6LoWPAN, has well evolved as a primary contender for short range wireless communication and holds the promise of an Internet of Things, which is completely based on the Internet Protocol. In the meantime, various 6LoWPAN implementations are available, be it open source or commercial. One of these implementations, which was developed by the authors' team, was tested on an Automated Physical Testbed for Wireless Systems at the Laboratory Embedded Systems and Communication Electronics of Offenburg University of Applied Sciences, which allows the flexible setup and full control of arbitrary topologies. It also supports time-varying topologies and thus helps to measure performance of the RPL implementation. The results of the measurements show a very good stability and short-term and long-term performance also under dynamic conditions. In addition, it can be proven that the performance predictions from other papers are consistent with real-life implementations.
Diese Fallstudien sind im Rahmen der Vorlesung "Integrationsseminar" von Bachelorstudenten/-innen des 5. Semesters an der DHBW Mannheim erarbeitet worden.Es handelt sich bei diesen Fallstudien ausschließlich um Unternehmen, die einen Onlinehandel betreiben.Jede Fallstudie beginnt mit der Beschreibung des Beispielunternehmens, deren Entwicklung und Ausrichtung. Anschließend werden die Marktsituation, sowie die Stärken und Schwächen dargestellt. Das Fazit und eine Handlungsempfehlung fassen die Schwerpunkte zusammen und die abschließenden Arbeitsfragen können für eine weitere Bearbeitung verwendet werden.
A benchmark analysis of Long Range (LoRaTM) Communication at 2.45 Ghz for safety applications
(2014)
Air traffic is by nature crossing borders and organizations. The supporting infrastructure represents a federative distributed system of independent Air Traffic Service Units, typically each with its own proprietary system architecture. Interaction between the centers is taking place over dedicated protocols, often organized as a mesh of 1:1 bilateral data exchanges.
This contribution gives an overview of the ongoing efforts to standardize this data exchange. At the core is a data-centric view, using a shared virtual Flight Object as the IT counterpart of a real flight. It permits a uniform way to access and update a flight’s static and dynamic attributes. A middleware is presented that implements this abstraction and maps it onto a physical level, employing DDS (Data Distribution Service) technology for the 1:N dissemination of flight data.
Signal detection and bandwidth estimation, also known as channel segmentation or information channel estimation, is a perpetual topic in communication systems. In the field of radio monitoring this issue is extremely challenging, since unforeseeable effects like fading occur accidentally. In addition, most radio monitoring devices normally scan a wide frequency range of several hundred MHz and have to detect a multitude of different signals, varying in signal power, bandwidth and spectral shape. Since narrowband sensing techniques cannot be directly applied, most radio monitoring devices use Nyquist wideband sensing to discover the huge frequency range. In practice, sensing is normally conducted by an FFT sweep spectrum analyzer that delivers the power spectral density (PSD) values to the radio monitoring system. The channel segmentation is the initial step of a comprehensive signal analysis in a radio monitoring system based on the PSD values. In this paper, a novel approach for channel segmentation is presented that is based on a quantization and a histogram evaluation of the measured PSD. It will be shown that only the combination of both evaluations will lead to an successful automatic channel segmentation. The performance of the proposed algorithm is shown in a real radio monitoring szenario.
A new RFID/NFC (ISO 15693 standard) based inductively powered passive SoC (System on chip) for biomedical applications is presented here. The proposed SOC consists of an integrated 32 bit microcontroller, RFID/NFC frontend, sensor interface circuit, analog to digital converter and some peripherals such as timer, SPI interface and memory devices. An energy harvesting unit supplies the power required for the entire system for complete passive operation. The complete chip is realized on CMOS 0.18 μm technology with a chip area of 1.5 mm × 3.0 mm.
Die Kenntnis der Messunsicherheit verbessert die Aussagekraft von Einsatzhärtungstiefe-Messungen. Ausgehend von der Definition in der DIN EN ISO 2639:2002 wird unter Anwendung des „Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement“ die Messunsicherheit abgeschätzt. Dazu werden die Einflüsse der Härteprüfung, der Positionierung der Prüfpunkte und der Probe berücksichtigt. Das Verfahren wird an zwei Beispielen angewendet: Zunächst werden die gemäß Norm zulässigen Toleranzen vollständig ausgenutzt, anschließend die Unsicherheit eines automatisierten Härteprüfers experimentell ermittelt. In beiden Fällen dominiert der Probeneinfluss das Ergebnis.
Various rapid prototyping methods have been available for the production of physical architectural models for a few years. This paper highlights in particular the advantages of 3D printing and Fused Layer Modeling for the production of detailed architectural models. In addition, the current challenges for the creation and transfer of CAAD-data are explained. Furthermore, new methods are being developed in order to improve both the technical and economic boundary conditions for the application of 3DP und FLM. This makes the production of models with very detailed interior rooms possible. The internal details are made visible by dividing the complex overall model into individual models connected by means of an innovative plug-in system. In addition, three case studies are shown in which the developed methods are applied in order to implement detailed architectural models. Finally manufacturing time and costs of the architectural models in the three case studies are compared.
Eine neue Prozessidee zur Auftrennung racemischer Wirkstoffe unter Verwendung nanoskaliger AlO(OH)‐Hohlkugeln als Adsorbens und überkritischen Kohlenstoffdioxides (sc‐CO2) als Lösungsmittel wird vorgestellt. Zur Auslegung des Prozesses werden Untersuchungen zur Abscheidung der racemischen Wirkstoffe (RS)‐Flurbiprofen, (RS)‐Ibuprofen, (RS)‐Ketoprofen und den reinen Enantiomeren (R)‐Flurbiprofen, (S)‐Ibuprofen und (S)‐Ketoprofen an AlO(OH)‐Hohlkugeln präsentiert und bewertet. Zudem werden Adsorptionsdaten von gasförmigem CO2 an den Hohlkugeln und kommerziellen AlO(OH)‐Partikeln, die mit einer Magnetschwebewaage ermittelt wurden, verglichen. Abschließend werden erste Ergebnisse von orientierenden Versuchen zur Adsorption von racemischem Flurbiprofen aus sc‐CO2 an den Hohlkugeln vorgestellt.
Ansatzpunkte zur Verknüpfung von Wertmanagement und Wertemanagement aus Sicht der Führungspraxis
(2014)
Recently a P-matrix and COM formalism was presented, which predicts third order intermodulation (IMD3) and triple beat with good accuracy and needs only a single nonlinearity constant. This formalism describes frequency dependence correctly. In this work the dependence of this nonlinearity constant on metalization ratio is investigated for aluminum metalization on LiTaO 3 (YXl)/42°. By comparison to test devices the nonlinearity constant is shown to be largely independent of metalization ratio. The nonlinear effect, however, strongly depends on metalization ratio, which is well described by the model. The linearity of a duplexer is optimized by reduction of metalization ratio and redesign of Tx branch topology.
This paper investigates the maximum torque capability and torque ripple reduction using the asymmetric stator teeth for interior permanence magnet (IPM) synchronous machines. Traditional electric machines have the identical width for all stator teeth and the winding function is fixed. Using different widths for different stator teeth changes the winding function, therefore, the torque ripple components. The mathematical modeling of interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous machine torque ripple and finite element analysis simulation results for the characteristic properties of electric machines are presented. Compared with a similar rating IPM machine, certain combinations of the teeth widths can reduce the torque ripple by 80% with less than 4% average torque decline.
Transcatheter aortiv valve implantation is a new safe strategy treatment for patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis and high operative risk. The aim of the study was to compare the pre-and post- muiscatheter aortiv valve implantation procedures to determine the atrioventricuktr conduction time as a potential predictor of permanent pacemaker therapy requirement after transcatheter aortiv valve implantation. The transcatheter aortiv valve implantation patients were divided into groups without pacemaker and with dual or single chamber pacemEtker with diffent atrioventrieular conduction time disturbance before and after transcatheter aortiv valve implantation. In heart failure, patients without permanent pacemaker therapy after transcatheter aortiv valve implantation, atrioventricular conduction time was prolonged after transcatheter aortiv valve implantation. In patients with permanent dual chamber pacemaker therapy after transcatheter aortiv valve implantation, atrioventricular conduction time was normalised with dual chaniber atrioventrieuku pacing mode. Atrioventricular conduction time may be a useful parameter to evaluate the risk of post-procedural atrioventricular conduction block and permanent pacemaker therapy in transcatheter north, valve implantation patients.
Automated RF Emulator for a Highly Scalable IEEE802.11p Communication and Localization Subsystem
(2014)
The IEEE802.11p standard describes a protocol for car-to-X and mainly for car-to-car-communication. In the research project Ko-TAG, which is part of the research initiative Ko-FAS, cooperative sensor technology is developed for the support of highly autonomous driving. The Ko-TAG subsystem improves the real-time characteristics of IEEE802.11p needed for precise time of flight real-time localization while still fitting into the regulatory schemes. A secondary radar principle based on communication signals enables localization of objects with simultaneous data transmission. The Ko-TAG subsystem mainly concentrates on the support of traffic safety applications in intra-urban scenarios. This paper details on the development of a fully automated RF emulator used to test the Ko-TAG subsystem.
The RF emulator includes the physical networking nodes, but models the RF environment using RF-waveguides. The RF emulator allows the controlling of path loss and connectivity between any of the nodes with the help of RF attenuators and programmable RF switches, while it is shielded against its surrounding RF environment in the lab. Therefore it is an inexpensive alternative to an RF absorber chamber, which often is not available or exceeds the project’s budget.
Details about the system definition can be found in earlier papers. Test results are shown in the last part of the paper.
Automatisierte Tests für ein IEEE802.11p-kompatibles Kommunikations- und Lokalisierungssubsystem
(2014)
BAG "Elektronische Signatur"
(2014)
Besonderes Außensteuerrecht
(2014)
Dieser Artikel beschreibt das vom Wissenschaftsministerium Baden-Württemberg geförderte Projekt bwLehrpool, welches zum Ziel hat, landesweit mittels Zentralisierung von Services und übergreifende Kooperationen IT-Kosten nachhaltig zu reduzieren und RZPersonal zu entlasten. Das Projekt umfasst die Schaffung einer zentralen Infrastruktur für PC-Pools, Speziallabore und e-Prüfungen, um eine größere Flexibilität für die ITUnterstützung in Lehre und Forschung zu erreichen. Dabei soll der administrative Aufwand für den Betrieb reduziert und gleichzeitig Lehre und Forschung von einem konkreten, rechnergestützten Arbeitsplatz beziehungsweise einer Räumlichkeit entkoppelt werden. Hierdurch lassen sich bestehende PC-Pools deutlich besser ausnutzen. Zudem sollen Software- und Hardwarekosten verringert werden, indem anders als derzeit, auch heterogene PC-Landschaften genutzt werden können. Der sich im Aufbau befindende Service leistet dabei eine doppelte Abstraktion. Einerseits schafft er ein gemeinsam nutzbares Basissystem, welches sich an die jeweiligen lokalen Gegebenheiten wie Benutzerverwaltung, Home- und gemeinsame Verzeichnisse oder Druckdienste anpasst. Andererseits bietet es die notwendige Abstraktion, um virtuelle Maschinen verschiedenen Typs hochschulübergreifend nutzen zu können. Expertenwissen auf verschiedenen Ebenen wird optimal genutzt, und für die Lehrenden ergibt sich eine neue Perspektive, da sie auf einem einfachen Weg ihre Lehrund Forschungsumgebungen unabhängig von der konkreten Hardware- und Maschinenadministration definieren und gleichzeitig Erfahrungen mit anderen Hochschulen austauschen können.
Several cloud schedulers have been proposed in the literature with different optimization goals such as reducing power consumption, reducing the overall operational costs or decreasing response times. A less common goal is to enhance the system security by applying specific scheduling decisions. The security risk of covert channels is known for quite some time, but is now back in the focus of research because of the multitenant nature of cloud computing and the co-residency of several per-tenant virtual machines on the same physical machine. Especially several cache covert channels have been identified that aim to bypass a cloud infrastructure's sandboxing mechanism. For instance, cache covert channels like the one proposed by Xu et. al. use the idealistic scenario with two alternately running colluding processes in different VMs accessing the cache to transfer bits by measuring cache access time. Therefore, in this paper we present a cascaded cloud scheduler coined C 3 -Sched aiming at mitigating the threat of a leakage of customers data via cache covert channels by preventing processes to access cache lines alternately. At the same time we aim at maintaining the cloud performance and minimizing the global scheduling overhead.
This book constitutes the proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Communication Technologies for Vehicles, Nets4Cars/Nets4Trains/Nets4Aircraft 2014, held in Offenburg, Germany in May 2014. The 10 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 15 submissions. The book also contains 4 invited papers. The contributions are organized in topical sections named: automotive issues, car-to-car, aviation issues, in-car, and infrastructures.
Für die Zahnwellenprofile nach DIN 5480 ist es schwierig, das polare Trägheitsmoment des geschwächten Querschnitts aus der Geometrie festzulegen. Dieses ist jedoch zur Berechnung der Nennspannung oder der Verdrehsteifigkeit erforderlich. Unterschiedliche Nennspannungsdefinitionen stehen dem Konstrukteur zur Verfügung. Diese können z.B. bei der Formzahldarstellung zu Missverständnissen führen. In der Praxis hilft man sich in der Weise, dass man dem durch die Formelemente (Keile, Zähne) geschwächten Querschnitt einen Kreis einbeschreibt und die Spannung einer Ersatzwelle mit dem Durchmesser dh1 dieses einbeschriebenen Kreises ermittelt. Die in der DIN 5466 vorhandene Näherungsgleichung zur Berechnung des Ersatzdurchmessers dh1 verzahnter Wellen geht auf Arbeiten von Nakazawa im Jahr 1951 [Nakazawa, Hajime: On the Torsion of the Spline Shafts. The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1951, S. 651-658 + S. 643-650, Tokyo Torizo Univers. 1951] und später auf [Schöpf, H.-J.: Festigkeitsuntersuchung an Zahnwellen-Verbindungen mit Spannungsoptik und Dauerschwingversuchen. Dissertation der TU München 1976] zurück. Mit diesem imaginären Durchmesser dh1 kann man das polare Flächenträgheitsmoment und Widerstandsmoment ermitteln. Die Ergebnisgenauigkeit dieser Näherungslösung ist für eine treffsichere Festigkeitsberechnung aus heutiger Sicht unbefriedigend. Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, dem Anwender Möglichkeiten und Ergebnisse zur Verfügung zu stellen, die es ihm gestatten, das effektiv wirkende Widerstandsmoment für verzahnte Wellenprofile genauer zu bestimmen. Dabei wird der dafür notwendige Ersatzdurchmesser mit Hilfe von theoretischen Überlegungen und Programmtools (CAD, Matlab und Excel) für den gesamten nach DIN 5480 festgelegten Geometriebereich unter die Lupe genommen.
Energy management in distribution grids is one of the key challenges that needs to be overcome to increase the share of fluctuating renewable energies. Current control systems for energy management mainly demonstrate centralized- or decentralized-hierarchical control structures. Very few systems manifest a fully decentralized multiagent-based control structure. Multiagent-based control systems promise to be an advantageous approach for the future distributed energy supply system because no central control entity is necessary, which eases parameterization in case of grid topology changes, and the agents are more stable against failures and changes of control topologies. Research is necessary to prove these benefits. In this study, we introduce a design of a multiagent-based voltage control system for low-voltage grids. In detail we introduce cooperative decision-making processes and software solutions that allow the agents to perceive and control their environment, the agent-discovery and localization in different types of communication networks, agent-to-agent communication, and the integration of the multiagent system in existing grid-control infrastructures. Furthermore, the study proposes how different existing technologies can be combined into an applicable multiagent-based voltage control system: the Java/OSGi-based OpenMUC framework allows a generic field–device interaction; peer-to-peer discovery and session establishment functionalities are combined with the agent communication defined by the Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents (FIPA). The ripple control-signal technology is applied as a fallback communication between the agent and a central grid-control center.
Efficient, secure and reliable communication is a major precondition for powerful applications in smart metering and smart grid. This especially holds true for the so called primary communication in the Local Metrological Network (LMN) between meter and data collector, as the LMN comes with the most stringent requirements with regard to cost, range, as well as bandwidth and energy efficiency. Until today, LMN field tests are operated all over the world. In these installations, however, energy autarkic systems play a marginal role. This contribution describes the results of the framework 7 (FP 7) WiMBex project (“Remote wireless water meter reading solution based on the EN 13757 standard, providing high autonomy, interoperability and range”). In this project an energy autarkic water meter was developed and tested, which follows the specification of the Wireless M-Bus protocol (EN 13757). The complete system development covers the PCB with the RF transceiver and the microcontroller, the energy converter and storage, and the software with the protocol. This contribution especially concentrates on the design, the development and the verification of the routing protocol. The routing protocol is based on the Q mode of EN13757-5 (Wireless M-Bus) and was extended by an additional energy state related parameter. This extension is orthogonal to the existing protocol and considers both the charge level and the charge characteristics (rate of occurrences, intensity). The software was implemented in NesC under the operating system TinyOS. The system was verified in an automated test bed and in field tests in UK and Ireland.
The invention relates to a device for metalising substrates. In particular, the invention relates to the field of contact elements used to electroplate solar cells within the context of a wet-chemical continuous treatment system. A wet-chemical treatment system according to the invention, for electrochemically coating flat substrates (1) with coating material, has a tank for accommodating an electrolyte, transporting means, by means of which the flat substrates (1) can be transported through the electrolyte horizontally, and at least one contact element (2), which comprises a shaft (4) having an axis of rotation (5) and a cylindrical circumferential surface suitable for rolling on the substrate (1), wherein the circumferential surface comprises at least one electrically insulating segment (3B) and at least one electrically conductive segment (3A), which can be connected to a current source (6) in such a way that the polarity can be reversed, wherein the axis of rotation (5) of the contact element (2) is positioned above the surface of the electrolyte, and wherein the contact element (2) is designed as a consumable electrode.
E-Bilanz
(2014)