Cryoballoon model and simulation of catheter ablation for pulmonary vein isolation in atrial fibrillation
- Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is a common
therapy in atrial fibrillation (AF). The cryoballoon was
invented to isolate the pulmonary vein in one step and in a
shorter time than a point-by-point radiofrequency (RF)
ablation. The aim of the study was to model two cryoballoon
catheters, one RF catheter and to integrate them into a heart
rhythm model for the static and dynamic simulation of PVIPulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is a common
therapy in atrial fibrillation (AF). The cryoballoon was
invented to isolate the pulmonary vein in one step and in a
shorter time than a point-by-point radiofrequency (RF)
ablation. The aim of the study was to model two cryoballoon
catheters, one RF catheter and to integrate them into a heart
rhythm model for the static and dynamic simulation of PVI
by cryoablation and RF ablation in AF. The modeling and
simulation were carried out using the electromagnetic and
thermal simulation software CST (CST, Darmstadt). Two
cryoballons and one RF ablation catheter were modeled
based on the technical manuals of the manufacturers
Medtronic and Osypka. The PVI especially the isolation of
the left inferior pulmonary vein using a cryoballoon catheter
was performed with a -50 °C heatsource and an exponential
signal. The temperature at the balloon surface was -50 °C
after 20 s ablation time, -24 °C from the balloon 0,5 mm in
the myocardium, at a distance of 1 mm -3 °C, at 2 mm 18 °C
and at a distance of 3mm 29 °C. PVI with RF energy was
simulated with an applied power of 5 W at 420 kHz at the
distal 8 mm ablation electrode. The temperature at the tip
electrode was 110 °C after 15 s ablation time, 75 °C from the
balloon at 0,5 mm in the myocardium, at a distance of 1 mm
58 °C, at 2 mm 45 °C and at a distance of 3 mm 38 °C.
Virtual heart rhythm and catheter models as well as the
simulation of the temperature allow the simulation of PVI in
AF by cryo ablation and RF ablation. The 3D simulation of
the temperature profile may be used to optimize RF and cryo
ablation.…
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